Dubrovnik for a first timer - a 2 days guide

A bit of context

Its origins trace back to the 7th century, when it was founded as a settlement of refugees escaping the destruction of the Roman city of Epidaurum (modern-day Cavtat). Originally known as Ragusa, the city quickly developed as a maritime power, leveraging its strategic position between East and West. By the 13th century, Dubrovnik had established itself as a key trade hub in the Mediterranean, forging relationships with both the Byzantine Empire and the emerging Republic of Venice.One of the pivotal moments in Dubrovnik’s history came in 1358 when the city gained autonomy from Venice after signing the Treaty of Zadar. This agreement placed Dubrovnik under the sovereignty of the Hungarian Crown, though it retained considerable self-governance. In the following centuries, the city’s merchant fleet flourished, and by the 15th century, Dubrovnik had developed into a formidable republic, known as the Ragusan Republic. The city's governing body, the Major Council, established a sophisticated diplomatic network, and Dubrovnik’s merchants were known throughout Europe and the Near East.

The city's golden age came in the 16th century, when Dubrovnik’s wealth and influence peaked. The city’s leaders invested heavily in the construction of imposing fortifications, including the iconic city walls that still stand today. These defenses were crucial in protecting Dubrovnik from both pirates and foreign invaders. Despite its prosperity, the city faced numerous challenges, including a devastating earthquake in 1667 that nearly destroyed it. Nevertheless, Dubrovnik rebuilt itself, though its political power waned in the subsequent centuries as larger European powers dominated the region.

In 1806, Dubrovnik’s independence came to an end when Napoleon’s forces occupied the city. It was later absorbed into the Austrian Empire after the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Though its time as an independent republic had ended, Dubrovnik retained its cultural and historical importance. Today, the city's well-preserved medieval architecture, including its churches, palaces, and fortifications, has earned it UNESCO World Heritage status. Dubrovnik remains a symbol of resilience, blending its storied past with its modern appeal as a vibrant cultural destination.

How to get there

Dubrovnik is a major tourist destination on the southern coast of Croatia, renowned for its historic city walls, medieval architecture, and stunning coastal views. As a transportation hub in the southern Adriatic, it is well-connected to various parts of Europe and beyond. Though smaller than Croatia's capital Zagreb, Dubrovnik’s accessibility makes it a gateway for those traveling through the Dalmatian region and Montenegro.

By air

Dubrovnik Airport (DBV), also known as Čilipi Airport, is located approximately 20 kilometers from the city center. It is the primary airport serving southern Croatia and is well-connected with direct flights to major European cities such as London, Paris, Rome, and Berlin, especially during the summer season. The airport has seen significant growth since its opening in 1962, handling over 3 million passengers in 2019 before the pandemic. Several low-cost carriers and national airlines operate here, making it an efficient entry point for international travelers. A shuttle bus service, run by Atlas, connects the airport with the city’s main bus station in Gruž, costing around 55 HRK (€7.50) and taking approximately 30-40 minutes.

By train

Unlike many major European cities, Dubrovnik is not directly connected to the national railway network due to its geographical position and rugged terrain. The nearest train station is in Ploče, about 100 kilometers away. Travelers can take a bus or car from Ploče to reach Dubrovnik. Alternatively, train travel to Split, located further north along the Dalmatian coast, followed by a bus or ferry to Dubrovnik, is a common route. Though train connections within Croatia are generally reliable, the absence of direct rail services to Dubrovnik makes buses or ferries the primary choices for most travelers.

By bus

Dubrovnik is connected to other Croatian cities and neighboring countries by an extensive bus network. The main bus station, located in Gruž, serves as the hub for both local and international routes. Several companies, such as Arriva and FlixBus, provide connections to cities like Split, Zagreb, and even neighboring Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mostar, Sarajevo) and Montenegro (Kotor, Podgorica). Travel by bus is comfortable and relatively affordable, with a one-way trip from Split costing around 120-150 HRK (€16-€20) and taking about 4.5 hours. Buses run regularly and are a reliable option for reaching Dubrovnik, particularly for budget-conscious travelers.

By ferry or cruise

As a coastal city, Dubrovnik is also accessible by sea. During the summer, ferry services run from Dubrovnik to nearby islands, such as Korčula, Mljet, and Hvar, as well as to the Italian cities of Bari and Ancona. Jadrolinija, Croatia’s largest ferry operator, offers regular services from Dubrovnik to Split and beyond, making it an excellent option for island hopping or connecting with other coastal cities. Dubrovnik’s Gruž Port is also a popular stop for Mediterranean cruise ships, bringing thousands of visitors daily during the peak tourist season.

Moving downtown

Dubrovnik’s compact old town is primarily pedestrianized, making walking the most convenient way to explore the historic center, including the famous city walls, Stradun, and its many cultural landmarks. However, for those wishing to venture beyond the old town or to visit more distant attractions, Dubrovnik offers several public transportation options.

Bus

Dubrovnik's bus network, operated by Libertas Dubrovnik, is the primary mode of public transport within the city. Buses run regularly from the old town and Pile Gate to other parts of the city, including Lapad, Babin Kuk, and Gruž. The buses are clean, efficient, and operate from around 5:00 AM until midnight, with peak times during the summer season. A single ticket costs 2 EUR if purchased onboard, but it is cheaper (1.60 EUR) when bought in advance from kiosks or ticket machines. For those planning multiple trips, a day pass for unlimited travel costs around 12 EUR and can be a great option for tourists.

Taxis and Ride-Sharing

Taxis are widely available in Dubrovnik, particularly around major tourist spots like Pile Gate, Gruž Port, and Lapad. While convenient, taxis can be relatively expensive, especially during peak tourist season. Most taxi fares start at around 5 EUR, with additional charges depending on distance. Ride-sharing services such as Uber and Bolt also operate in Dubrovnik, offering a more affordable alternative to traditional taxis, particularly for trips outside the old town.

Cable Car

One of the most scenic ways to travel in Dubrovnik is via the Dubrovnik Cable Car, which takes visitors from the city center to the top of Mount Srđ. This short ride provides stunning panoramic views of the city, coastline, and surrounding islands. A round-trip ticket costs 27 EUR for adults and 14 EUR for children, and the ride lasts just a few minutes. While primarily a tourist attraction, the cable car is also a useful way to reach hiking trails and restaurants located at the summit.

Dubrovnik Card

For visitors looking to explore more of the city while also saving on transport and attractions, the Dubrovnik Card is an ideal choice. Available in 1, 3, or 7-day versions, this card offers unlimited access to the Libertas bus network, as well as free or discounted entry to several museums and historic sites, including the Dubrovnik city walls and the Rector’s Palace. The 1-day Dubrovnik Card costs 35 EUR, while the 3-day and 7-day versions are priced at 45 EUR and 55 EUR, respectively. Cards can be purchased at tourist offices, online, or at various locations throughout the city.

What to see

Architecture and urban spaces

St Ivan Fortress

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Sveti Ivan Fortress, located on the southern side of Dubrovnik's famous city walls, was a crucial part of the city’s defense system, particularly in protecting the port. Built in 1346 and originally named the "of Mule" Fortress, its primary role was to safeguard the entrance to the city harbor. In its early days, the fortress was part of a broader defensive structure that included smaller fortifications nearby, such as Gundulić’s Fortress, designed by the renowned Dubrovnik engineer Paskoj Miličević. These two fortresses were connected by towers in 1522, and by 1557, they formed a unified structure, creating the imposing semicircular fortress we see today. In its early days, the fortress also served as a large gunpowder storehouse. Together with the Minčeta Fortress to the north and the Bokar and Lovrijenac Fortresses to the west, Sveti Ivan was one of the three key fortifications of Dubrovnik’s walls. The city’s port was further protected by the smaller St. Luke Fortress on the north side and by Sveti Ivan on the south. A powerful chain once stretched between these two fortresses to block unwanted ships from entering the harbor. This chain was so robust that it could break the keels of ships, providing a formidable defense against invaders. In 1484, the chain was replaced by the Kaše breakwater, an artificial islet designed by Paskoj Miličević, which still stands as a testament to the city’s advanced engineering of the time. Today, Sveti Ivan Fortress has transitioned from a military stronghold into a cultural and educational hub. Its interior now houses significant collections from the era of the Dubrovnik Republic, preserving the city’s maritime heritage. The fortress is home to the Maritime Museum, which showcases Dubrovnik’s rich naval history, and the Aquarium, which features local marine life. The fortress also hosts the Institute for the Sea and the Coast, contributing to scientific research in the region. On the terrace of Sveti Ivan, a cannon from the sailing ship *Triton* stands as a reminder of the fortress' defensive past, while the space now serves as a summer stage for the Dubrovnik Summer Games, blending history with contemporary culture.

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Porporela

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Porporela is a charming pier and breakwater located in Dubrovnik’s Old Harbour, originally constructed to reduce the intensity of waves and protect the boats and ships anchored in the port. Built as part of the city's maritime defenses, Porporela also helped reduce erosion along the harbor's edges. While its original purpose was purely functional, today it has evolved into a beloved spot for both locals and tourists. As part of a leisurely walk through the Old Town, many visitors stroll to Porporela to admire its tranquil views and rich history. Despite its proximity to the bustling Old Town, Porporela can often feel like a hidden gem, offering solitude and peace to those who seek it. Sitting on one of the benches there, visitors can enjoy the calming sounds of the Adriatic Sea, the cries of seagulls, and breathtaking views of Lokrum Island. It’s a perfect spot for quiet reflection, away from the crowds, where one can soak in the natural beauty of Dubrovnik’s coastline and the rhythmic ebb and flow of the sea. In the summer months, Porporela transforms into a lively meeting point for both locals and tourists. Swimmers and sunbathers flock to the pier to cool off in the Adriatic's crystal-clear waters, while the youth of Dubrovnik enjoy diving from the rocks and walls that surround the pier. Water polo games are a common sight, as local children and teens take advantage of the warm weather to play in the sea. The area becomes a vibrant hub of activity, offering both relaxation and recreation in the heart of Dubrovnik's historic setting.

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Sveti Spasitelj

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Overlooking the Adriatic Sea and offering panoramic views of Lokrum Island, the fortress is strategically placed to protect the southeastern approach to the city. It also provides a commanding view of Buza Beach, a popular spot just outside the walls where swimmers and sunbathers gather. The fortress forms part of Dubrovnik’s extensive and sophisticated defensive network, which dates back to the 13th century. By the 15th century, Dubrovnik’s leaders recognized the need to reinforce the city’s defenses further due to the increasing threat from the Ottoman Empire. Sveti Spasitelj was added as a crucial bastion in the southeastern part of the fortifications, helping to shield the city from attacks by both land and sea. Its strategic placement on a raised position along the city walls enabled defenders to monitor and repel invasions effectively. The fortress takes its name from the Church of Saint Saviour (Sveti Spasitelj), a nearby Renaissance-style church built in the early 16th century as a votive offering after Dubrovnik survived a devastating earthquake in 1520. The tower, although named after the same saint, predates the church and stands as an independent structure with its defensive function being a primary concern.

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Kneza Damjana Jude Defensive Wall

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Constructed and reinforced between the 14th and 15th centuries, the wall was designed to defend the city from attacks by both sea and land, particularly during a time when Dubrovnik was becoming a key player in Mediterranean trade. The fortifications were built using advanced construction techniques of the era, designed to withstand attacks from artillery, which was becoming more prevalent in European warfare at the time. Like many of Dubrovnik’s fortifications, the Kneza Damjana Jude Wall is strategically placed to take advantage of the city’s natural landscape, providing a vantage point over the eastern approaches to the city. It also connects to key defensive structures, including the Revelin Fortress, which guarded the city’s Ploče Gate and served as an important bastion for eastern defense.

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Ponte Gate

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Built in 1476, this impressive stone portal served as a crucial element in the city's defensive system, controlling access from the west. Standing tall beside the Pile Gate, Vrata od Ponte boasts unique architectural features. Its sturdy archway and imposing facade reflect the Renaissance style, while the crenellations and loopholes hint at its defensive purpose.

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Old Port

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Surrounded by historic fortifications, the port is enclosed by two breakwaters: Porporela, in front of the St. John Fortress, and the Kaše breakwater, which stretches across the bay to provide shelter from both waves and potential invaders. During the height of the Republic, the port was heavily defended by several key fortresses, including St. Luke Fort, St. John Fortress, and Revelin Fortress, each playing a crucial role in protecting Dubrovnik’s gateway to the sea. Today, it serves as a safe harbor for private boats and is a popular departure point for ferries to Lokrum Island, as well as sightseeing tours to Cavtat, Mlini, and other nearby coastal destinations. The architectural development of the Old Port is closely associated with the work of Paskoje Miličević, a master architect of the Dubrovnik Republic, who took charge of major construction efforts starting in 1466. In 1470, Miličević designed and built a low bastion near St. Luke Fort, reinforcing the entrance to the port. His most renowned work, the Kaše breakwater, provided essential protection for ships within the harbor, replacing the earlier system of a chain stretched between St. John Fortress and St. Luke Fort to block enemy vessels. After the breakwater's construction, the chain was repositioned between St. John Fortress and the new structure, enhancing the port's defenses. Miličević also oversaw the creation of the Ponta Gate and helped finalize the port’s infrastructure by the early 16th century. At the heart of the Old Port lies the historic Arsenal, a shipbuilding yard that was crucial to Dubrovnik’s maritime power during the Republic’s golden era. This building, marked by its three symmetrical vaults, was a place where ships were constructed in secrecy. To protect the shipbuilding techniques from foreign spies, the vaults were sealed with bricks until the ship was ready for launch. Once the ship was completed, the brick wall was torn down, and the vessel would be launched into the Adriatic. Today, the Arsenal has been repurposed as a restaurant, but the ambiance remains deeply tied to its past. The interior is designed to resemble an ancient shipyard, with wooden furniture and ship-themed decorations that harken back to Dubrovnik’s maritime legacy. During its peak in the mid-16th century, Dubrovnik’s shipbuilders were renowned across the Mediterranean. Ships "built in the manner of Dubrovnik" were valued for their durability and simple yet sturdy design. At the height of its maritime influence, Dubrovnik’s fleet boasted over 180 large ships with a total burden of 36,000 kars (one kar equaled 2/3 of a ton), a fleet valued at approximately 700,000 ducats. Dubrovnik was also an early pioneer in naval insurance, passing laws to regulate maritime insurance in 1568. Even as Mediterranean trade began to decline in the 18th century, Dubrovnik maintained consulates in over 80 cities worldwide and continued to operate a significant fleet, with 673 ships, including 255 large vessels that sailed international waters. While the fleet of Dubrovnik once rivaled that of Venice, it was considerably smaller than the powerful Dutch navy. Nonetheless, Dubrovnik’s maritime prowess left a lasting mark on the city’s history, much of which can still be felt at the Old Port today.

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Orlando's Column

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At the eastern end of Placa (Stradun) street in Dubrovnik, within Luza Square and beneath the City Bell Tower, stands the Orlando Column—a stone monument featuring a deeply carved figure of an ancient knight. Atop the column is a small platform used for public proclamations, while the column itself supports a flagpole that hoists the city’s flag. The knight carved into the column is Orlando (also known as Roland), and according to a popular legend, he saved Dubrovnik from a 15-month siege by Saracen forces in the 9th century. In gratitude, the citizens are said to have erected this column in his honor. However, this story has been largely debunked as a romanticized myth meant to explain the monument’s existence. The true significance of the Orlando Column lies in its symbolic connection to the Hungarian-Croatian Kingdom. Throughout Europe, cities under the protection of powerful rulers or alliances, such as the Hanseatic League, often erected statues of Roland as a symbol of the city's status. In Dubrovnik, Orlando's Column, erected in 1418, represented the city’s alliance with the Hungarian-Croatian King, signifying the city's autonomy and protection under the larger kingdom. The column was sculpted by Antun Dubrovčanin and Bonino di Milano, blending local craftsmanship with international artistic influence. Pragmatically, the Orlando Column served multiple functions. The knight’s forearm was used as the standard measure for the Ragusan cubit (locally known as the lakat), which is clearly marked at the base of the column. It was also a platform for public announcements, and in medieval times, it was the site of public punishments. The column's central role in civic life continues today during the Dubrovnik Summer Festival, where it remains a focal point in both the opening and closing ceremonies. Through the centuries, Orlando has continued to "guard" Dubrovnik, and the column has retained its importance. The flag of Libertas, a symbol of Dubrovnik’s long-standing independence, still flies proudly above the column, just as it did in the days of the Republic of Ragusa, with Orlando symbolizing the enduring spirit of the city.

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Luza Square

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This square serves as a significant entry point to the city, reflecting the area's deep historical roots. Centuries ago, the location now occupied by Stradun was a canal that separated the ancient Greco-Roman colony of Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik) on its own island from the settlement of the mainland Slavs. This canal played a crucial role in shaping the development and identity of the region. In the 11th century, the canal became silted, leading to the merging of the two communities into a single entity. However, despite their geographical unification, a sense of rivalry and mutual contempt persisted between the former islanders and mainlanders. This underlying tension influenced the cultural and social dynamics of Dubrovnik, even as the two groups coexisted in a shared space. By the 12th century, Luza Square emerged as a vital point of contact and interaction between these two communities, transforming it into one of the city’s central squares. Over the centuries, Luza Square evolved into a hub of social, political, and religious life in Dubrovnik. The square is framed by significant buildings, including the Church of St. Blaise and the Sponza Palace, which highlight the architectural beauty and cultural heritage of the city. As the site of public gatherings, celebrations, and ceremonies, Luza Square has played an integral role in the life of Dubrovnik, reflecting its history and the spirit of its citizens.

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Small Onofrio's Fountain

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During the era of the Dubrovnik Republic, significant efforts were made to ensure a reliable supply of fresh water for the city. Initially, the water supply relied on a network of cisterns, which collected rainwater from rooftops through an intricate system of gutters. These cisterns could be either public or private, reflecting the community's reliance on this natural resource. In 1304, the government decided to construct a large cistern next to the Divona building to enhance water collection capabilities, a project completed in 1311. The location of this cistern was referred to as "spongia," evolving into "sponcia," and eventually "Sponza," explaining the later name of the Sponza Palace. During periods of drought, ships transported fresh water from a spring in Mlini, located in Župa dubrovačka, selling it in the Dubrovnik port to private consumers or using it to replenish dried-up public wells. This was crucial for sustaining the city's population. In 1436, the Great Council issued a mandate to construct an aqueduct system from Šumet, a nearby location. The project was initially overseen by builders Andreucius Bulbito and Onofrio Giordano della Cava, although subsequent records primarily credit Onofrio della Cava as the principal architect. The spring in Šumet still serves as the source of Dubrovnik's water supply, which remains perfectly potable and of higher quality than many bottled waters. The aqueduct system itself was an engineering marvel, transporting water by free fall from an elevation of 106 meters (348 feet) over a distance of 11.7 kilometers (7.3 miles). It included four water tanks along the route, which were eventually decommissioned due to security concerns during wartime. Notably, the construction contract stipulated penalties for any loss of water along the aqueduct. Remarkably, the project was so well-executed that no penalties were incurred. Following the completion of the aqueduct, Onofrio della Cava constructed two fountains: the Big Onofrio's Fountain and the Small Onofrio's Fountain. Small Onofrio's Fountain, located next to the City Guard building on Luza Square under the Belfry, was constructed from 1440 to 1442. Its primary purpose was to supply water to the market on Luza Square. The sculptural elements were crafted by Petar Martinov from Milan, while the hydraulic mechanism was the work of Onofrio della Cava. Simultaneously, water was channeled to the Rector's Palace, where a fountain in the atrium still exists, highlighting the infrastructure's longevity. Additionally, water access was extended to the Tabor (located on Ploče), which once served as a marketplace and meeting point for Turkish caravans. The water was also utilized for the Lazaret (Quarantine building) and Turkish hans (inns). In the 16th century, records indicate the existence of a Jewish fountain, designated exclusively for the Jewish community. Originally located under the Bell Tower, it was later moved to Brsalje, where it continues to provide refreshment for passersby today. This extensive water supply system not only highlights the engineering prowess of the Dubrovnik Republic but also reflects the community's commitment to the well-being of its citizens.

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Clock Tower

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The City Bell Tower of Dubrovnik, a prominent landmark, was originally constructed in 1444 by local masters Grubačević, Utišenović, and Radončić. Positioned at the eastern end of Placa (Stradun), it was meticulously aligned with the center of this bustling thoroughfare. The original design featured two wooden figures striking the bell, but these were eventually replaced by bronze statues known as the "zelenci," or "the Green Ones," which have since become iconic representations of the tower. In 1509, the community of Dubrovnik commissioned the renowned founder Ivan Rabljanin to create a new bell due to dissatisfaction with the sound of the previous one. This new bell, still in use today, reflects the craftsmanship and musical tradition of the time, contributing to the city's distinctive auditory landscape. The bell tower served not only as a timekeeper but also as a symbol of civic pride and communal identity. The earthquake of 1667, which devastated much of Dubrovnik, had a significant impact on the Bell Tower, causing it to lean dangerously, reminiscent of the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa. For many years, the leaning tower remained a striking feature of the city, but by 1929, concerns over its safety led to its demolition. The local government decided to replace it with a new bell tower, constructed according to the original design, ensuring that this historic landmark would continue to grace the skyline of Dubrovnik. The reconstruction of the Bell Tower not only preserved its historical significance but also reinforced its role as a central point for public life in Dubrovnik.

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Fishmarket Gate

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The Fishmarket Gate, constructed in Gothic style between 1381 and 1387, is situated to the east of the Great Arsenal in Dubrovnik. This gate earned its name because it provided access to the city's fish market, a vital hub for trade and commerce during the time. When it was built, the Fishmarket Gate was the largest city gate, which is why it was also referred to as the Great Gate. Above the entrance, a statue of St. Blaise, the patron saint of Dubrovnik, can be found in a large niche in the wall. This statue not only serves as a religious symbol but also reflects the significance of St. Blaise in the city's history and culture.

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Luka Tower

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It was built in the 14th century, specifically between 1364 and 1370, and serves as a prominent landmark in the city’s defense system. The tower was constructed as part of the fortifications designed to protect the harbor from potential naval threats. Its strategic location allowed it to serve as both a watchtower and a signal point, warning the city of incoming ships or enemy vessels. The design features typical elements of Gothic architecture, including pointed arches and intricate stonework. St. Luka Tower played a crucial role in the maritime history of Dubrovnik, reflecting the city’s importance as a trading power in the Mediterranean. The structure also housed a small chapel dedicated to St. Luke, further emphasizing its religious and cultural significance.

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Asimon Tower

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Asimon Fortress is a significant historical structure located at the Ploče Gate, serving as a protective bastion for Dubrovnik since the 14th century. Initially built when the Dominican Monastery was incorporated into the city walls, it was first referred to in documents from 1318 as "Ugao," which translates to "corner," indicating its strategic position at the angle of the fortifications. By 1438, the fortress had become known as the Fortress of Ploče, reflecting its role in defending this important entry point into the city. The name "Asimon" later emerged, derived from the Latin phrase meaning "fortress between walls," highlighting its function as a protective barrier within the city’s extensive fortification system. Interestingly, historical records from 1501 and 1511 refer to the fortress as "Timon," illustrating the evolving nomenclature associated with this key defensive structure. Asimon Fortress remains a testament to Dubrovnik's rich history and architectural heritage, contributing to the city's reputation as a formidable maritime power in the Mediterranean.

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Revelin Bridge

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It is situated next to the Revelin Fortress, which was built in the 16th century to protect the city from land attacks, particularly during the period of the Ottoman threat. Constructed in the early 16th century, Revelin Bridge features a combination of Renaissance and Gothic architectural elements, reflecting the styles prevalent during its construction. The bridge connects the Old Town to the fortress, providing a crucial point of access for both citizens and defenders of the city. Historically, the Revelin Fortress and its accompanying bridge played a significant role in the city's defensive system. The fortress, built between 1537 and 1560, was strategically positioned to control the access routes to Dubrovnik and protect the city from invaders. The bridge itself is adorned with fortifications, adding to its defensive capabilities.

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Tvrdava Revelin

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Revelin Fortress is a significant historical structure located on the eastern edge of Dubrovnik, outside the Ploče City Gate. Originally constructed in 1463 during a time when the threat of the Ottoman Empire loomed large after their conquest of Constantinople in 1453, the fortress was built to provide additional defense to the eastern entry point of the city. The name "Revelin" is derived from the term "ravelin," a type of fortification that serves to strengthen a city’s defenses, particularly at its weakest points. Initially, Revelin took the form of a mound-like entrenchment, but the need for a stronger fortification arose with the increased threat of Venetian attacks during the First Holy League. In response, the Dubrovnik Senate commissioned Antonio Ferramolino, a skilled fortress builder in the service of Spanish admiral Andrea Doria, to design a more formidable structure. The Senate approved Ferramolino's plans in 1538, and construction began, lasting 11 years and halting all other building projects in Dubrovnik to ensure its completion. By 1549, the new Revelin had transformed into the strongest fortress in Dubrovnik, effectively safeguarding the eastern land approach to the city. Revelin Fortress features an irregular quadrilateral shape, with a sharp outward spike at its northern corner. The entrance is situated on the southern side, leading to a large platform that connects to the city. The fortress is encircled by a steep drop to the sea on the south and a city ditch on the other sides. The northern wall contains corridors and triple embrasures designed to protect against enemies attacking from the ditch. A bridge built in the mid-15th century connects Revelin to the inner city gates, while a toll bridge leads to the eastern suburbs. The construction of Revelin was so well-executed that it survived the devastating earthquake of 1667, which damaged many other structures in Dubrovnik. Following the earthquake, the fortress served as the administration center for the Republic, hosting Council sessions and safeguarding treasures from the cathedral and other important sites.

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Harbour Viewpoint

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Buza Gate

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An intriguing anecdote from the 15th century recounts the deliberations among the citizens of Dubrovnik regarding the potential opening of an additional gate in the northern wall. The city council was divided on the issue: some members argued that a new gate would facilitate the easier import of goods into the city, while others expressed concerns that it would compromise the city's defenses. To resolve this dilemma, they decided to invite two renowned town planners, one from Ancona and the other from Genoa, to provide their expert opinions. During this period, the Adriatic coast was characterized by a fierce rivalry among key towns, including Venice, Genoa, Ancona, and Dubrovnik, all vying for supremacy in trade. When the town planners arrived in Dubrovnik, both advised that opening the gate would be beneficial for the city. However, the day after their departure, the Rector reconvened the council and stated, "It's now easy to reach a decision. Both the gentleman from Genoa and the one from Ancona think it would be most useful to us if the gate were opened. Therefore, notary, write down this: 'We, just in case, will not open the gate.'" This clever twist reflected the council's cautious approach and a desire to maintain the status quo. Interestingly, a gate was eventually opened in the northern part of the city walls, but this did not occur until the period of Austrian rule in 1908. This gate, known as Buža Gate, was constructed to provide easy access for Austrian army officers stationed in the city to the tennis courts that had been established in the trench of the city wall. This decision, made centuries later, highlights how the dynamics of power and practicality can shift over time, allowing for changes that were once deemed contentious.

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St. Jacob Tower

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It was constructed in the 15th century, specifically between 1430 and 1440, as part of the city’s fortifications. The tower was designed to enhance the defensive capabilities of the city, particularly against potential attacks from the sea. The tower is notable for its robust design, featuring thick stone walls and a strategic position that offers commanding views of the surrounding area. It was an essential part of the city's defense system and served as a lookout point to monitor incoming ships and any threats from the sea. St. Jacob Tower also has historical significance as it housed a bell that signaled various events in the city, including the start of battles or the arrival of important dignitaries. The tower's architecture is characteristic of the Gothic style, with elements that reflect the medieval heritage of Dubrovnik.

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Petilovrijenci Tower

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It was built in the 16th century as part of the city’s defensive system to protect against potential invasions, particularly during the period of Venetian and Ottoman threats. The tower's design is characteristic of the Renaissance style, featuring thick walls and a strategic position that provides a vantage point for monitoring the surrounding areas, including the coastline and the approaches to the city. Its name, "Petilovrijenci," is derived from a local term meaning "the place where small events occur," reflecting its role as a lookout point.

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Skalini Tower

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This tower was constructed in the 15th century during a period of heightened military threat from both the Ottomans and the Venetians. The design of Skalini Tower reflects the Gothic and Renaissance architectural styles typical of that era, characterized by thick stone walls, narrow windows, and a strategic position that allows for effective surveillance of the surrounding landscape. The tower was specifically built to defend the city from attacks, providing a lookout point for sentries who could spot approaching enemies from a distance. In addition to its military function, Skalini Tower also held symbolic significance for the citizens of Dubrovnik, representing the resilience and independence of the Dubrovnik Republic. The fortification, along with other towers and bastions in the city, contributed to Dubrovnik's reputation as a formidable maritime power in the Adriatic.

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Dubrovnik Old Town Basketball Court

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St. Francis Tower

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Constructed in the late 14th century, this tower was designed to enhance the protection of the city against potential invaders, particularly during the tumultuous times of the Ottoman Empire's expansion. The tower's design showcases the typical Gothic and Renaissance elements prevalent in Dubrovnik's architecture, with thick stone walls and narrow openings for defense. Its strategic location allows for a commanding view of the surrounding area, making it an essential lookout point for sentries. Historically, St. Francis Tower served not only as a military structure but also as a symbol of the strength and resilience of the Dubrovnik Republic. It was part of the broader network of fortifications that included the city walls and other towers, which collectively helped defend Dubrovnik from various threats over the centuries.

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Pile Gate

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Pile Gate serves as a crucial entry point to Dubrovnik, consisting of both Inner and Outer City Gates. The Outer City Gates, characterized by a Renaissance arch in the shape of a semi-circle, were constructed in 1537. A stone bridge, featuring a wooden drawbridge insert, spans the City trench and leads to these gates. This drawbridge was traditionally raised each night during the time of the Dubrovnik Republic to enhance the city’s defenses. In contrast, the gates now remain perpetually open to welcome the numerous visitors that flock to Dubrovnik. The history of Pile Gate begins with the first stone bridge, built in 1397 by Ivan of Siena. This original bridge had a single arch and was flanked by stone benches. Interestingly, the Pile Gate bridge was similar in design to the outer bridge of Ploče Gate, which was constructed between 1449 and 1450 based on the Pile Gate prototype. Crossing this bridge brings visitors to Revelin Fortress. In 1471, the City trench was widened, leading to the construction of a new bridge with three arches, designed by Paskoje Miličević. This structure replaced the earlier Pile Gate bridge, enhancing the city's fortifications. Between 1533 and 1537, further modifications were made: the first arch of the bridge was demolished, and the gates were redesigned to their current form, incorporating the movable wooden gate bridge. The Inner Pile Gates, which lead through the main city wall, are notable for their Gothic arch and double-door entrance. These gates were built in 1460, following the design of the Peskarija Gate, replacing older gates that are referenced in the Statute of Dubrovnik from 1272. On the other hand, the Inner Ploče Gate, formerly known as the Gate of St. Luka, are quite small, measuring only 2 meters (7 feet) in width. These gates exhibit a Romanesque style, with the main arch adorned with a stone-carved head of St. Blaise, the patron saint of Dubrovnik. The Asimon Fortress looms above these gates, while a newer, larger gate was added during the Austrian occupation in the late 19th century. The Outer Ploče Gate, built in 1450 by Simeone della Cava, underwent widening by the 19th century. Like the Pile Gate, the outer gate bridge was designed based on the earlier prototype of the Pile bridge created by Ivan of Siena.

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Pile Bastion

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Constructed in the 16th century, during the Renaissance period, the bastion was designed to strengthen the city’s defenses against potential threats, particularly from the sea and land. The bastion features a robust, angular structure, characterized by thick stone walls and a prominent vantage point that allows for surveillance of the surrounding area. Its strategic placement enhances the overall defense of the Old Town, complementing the nearby Fort Bokar and Fort Lovrijenac. One of the defining architectural elements of Pile Bastion is its well-preserved walls, which exemplify the military engineering of the time. The bastion played a crucial role during various conflicts, including the wars against the Ottomans and later during the conflicts in the 1990s.

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Nikola Mihanović Fountain

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The Nikola Mihanović Fountain is located in the heart of Dubrovnik, specifically in the district known as Pile, just outside the city walls. Built in 1874, the fountain was designed by architect and sculptor Frano A. Miličević to honor Nikola Mihanović, a prominent figure in the city known for his contributions to local public health and sanitation. The fountain is characterized by its elegant design, featuring a circular base and a central column topped with a decorative bowl. The fountain's water flows from multiple spouts, providing a refreshing source of potable water for both locals and visitors. Its architectural style blends elements of the late 19th-century aesthetic, reflecting the era's emphasis on public utilities and civic beautification. Surrounded by lush greenery, the Nikola Mihanović Fountain serves as a tranquil gathering place where people can relax and enjoy the natural beauty of the area. It is a popular spot for tourists who want to take a break from exploring the nearby historical sites while also appreciating a piece of Dubrovnik’s cultural heritage.

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Jewish Fountain

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Exiting the walled city, just outside the Pile Gate entrance to Dubrovnik, remains a little-known but unique Jewish site – a modest water fountain that serves the local population. Before Napoleon’s arrival to fortified Dubrovnik, Jews were not allowed to drink water from the other two fountains in the city. They were restricted to the “Jewish Fountain,” as it is still called today. When Napoleon granted Jews equal rights, all fountains were then accessible to them, and the Jewish Fountain was removed from within the Old City’s walls – but not from the area. It was kept in Pile as a permanent monument.

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Dubrovnik West Harbour

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Nestled in the western bay of Dubrovnik, Croatia, sheltered by the imposing walls of the Old Town and Fort Bokar, lies the charming Dubrovnik West Harbour. While smaller and less bustling than the main Old Town Harbour, Dubrovnik West Harbour offers a unique and peaceful atmosphere, captivating scenery, and interesting things to see and do. During Dubrovnik's early history, starting in the 13th century, the West Harbour served as the city's primary port, welcoming trade ships and visitors. Over time, as Dubrovnik's maritime trade expanded, the larger Old Town Harbour was constructed, and the West Harbour transitioned to primarily serve local fishing boats and leisure activities. Despite its changed role, remnants of the harbor's historical significance remain, including the 15th-century Lazzaretto building, once used as a quarantine station for arriving ships.

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Fort Lovrijenac

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Fortified high above the Adriatic Sea, Fort Lovrijenac, also known as St. Lawrence Fortress, stands as a magnificent symbol of Dubrovnik's historical resilience and defensive prowess. This awe-inspiring 14th-century structure perched on a 37-meter cliff offers not only captivating views but also whispers tales of its fascinating past. Built Between 1340 and 1346: Construction began in response to threats from Venice, aiming to strengthen Dubrovnik's western defenses and protect the vital Pile Gate and its bridge. Its triangular shape with thick walls (up to 12 meters facing the sea!) and strategic positioning made it a formidable force against potential attacks. While primarily serving as a defensive structure, Fort Lovrijenac also housed cannons, storage facilities, and even a prison throughout its history.

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Onofrio's Large Fountain

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Big Onofrio's Fountain, built between 1438 and 1440, is a striking sixteen-sided structure with a cupola. Each side features a unique maskeron, a stone-carved face with a faucet projecting from its mouth. The fountain served as one of the terminal points of the aqueduct. Unfortunately, it has suffered damage over the years, particularly during repairs and the 1667 earthquake, which also removed a dragon statue that once crowned the cupola.

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Stradun

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Placa, also known as Stradun, is the principal open urban area in Dubrovnik, serving as the city’s main promenade and a favored gathering spot. This vibrant street hosts various public celebrations and processions, while also functioning as the core business district. Spanning approximately 300 meters (1,000 feet), Placa divides the city into northern and southern halves and provides the shortest route between the western and eastern city gates. The origins of Placa can be traced back to the 11th century when the shallow channel that separated the Roman-Greek settlement on the islet of Lave from the Croatian-Slav settlement on the mainland was filled in. This transformation led to the establishment of a unified urban area, which was enclosed by a single city wall by the close of the 12th century. By the 14th century, the Croatian influence had become dominant in the region. In 1468, the street was paved with limestone, creating a smooth, reflective surface that resembles glass. Notably, the pavement is designed with a unique fish rib pattern, where one half faces one direction and the other half faces the opposite, with a single rectangular stone marking the junction of the two patterns. The name "Placa" derives from the Greek and Latin term “Platea,” meaning “street,” while "Stradun" is a Venetian term that playfully refers to it as “Big Street.” The current appearance of Placa was shaped by the reconstruction efforts following the devastating earthquake of 1667. The rebuilding process resulted in the construction of two rows of Baroque-style stone houses, characterized by their uniform height, similar facades, and cohesive internal layouts. This planned architectural style has become a hallmark of Dubrovnik, contributing to the street's picturesque charm and its significance as a cultural and social hub within the city.

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Puncjela Tower

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Positioned strategically at the city’s northwestern point, it was built during the late 15th century to enhance the city's defensive capabilities. The tower served as a vital watchtower, providing a vantage point for monitoring potential threats, particularly from naval forces. Architecturally, Puncjela Tower features thick walls and a circular design, which were typical of the period's military architecture. The robust construction reflects the necessity for strong fortifications during times of conflict, particularly with the looming threat of the Ottoman Empire and rival maritime powers. The name "Puncjela" is derived from the term "punctus," meaning point or tip, emphasizing its location at a prominent edge of the city’s defenses. The tower is an integral part of the historical fabric of Dubrovnik, representing the city's commitment to protecting its citizens and territory.

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Na Andriji Defensive Wall

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This particular section of the wall is named after St. Andrew, the patron saint of fishermen, highlighting its historical connection to the maritime activities of the city. The wall was constructed to defend the city from potential invasions and has played a crucial role in safeguarding Dubrovnik's inhabitants and their livelihoods. Its strategic placement along the coastline allowed for effective surveillance of approaching threats from the sea, while also providing a formidable barrier against land attacks. The architecture of the Na Andriji Defensive Wall reflects the typical style of Dubrovnik's fortifications, characterized by robust stone construction and fortified towers. The wall is part of a larger network of defensive structures that includes towers, bastions, and gates, showcasing the city's commitment to preserving its autonomy and safety throughout its history.

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Od Sorte Bastion

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This bastion is strategically placed to guard the Pile Gate and provide additional protection against potential threats from the sea. Constructed during the late 16th century, it reflects the military architecture of the period, characterized by robust stone walls and a commanding view of the surrounding area. The name "Od Sorte" translates to "From the Fortune," hinting at the bastion's role in safeguarding the city’s fortunes and prosperity throughout its history. The bastion features a distinctive design with a slightly irregular shape, which allowed it to integrate seamlessly into the existing fortifications. The Od Sorte Bastion is a part of the city's larger fortification complex that includes various towers and bastions, designed to deter invaders and protect Dubrovnik's inhabitants. Its construction reflects the city's adaptation to changing military technology and tactics during the Renaissance period.

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Fortress of St. Mary

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Construction began in 1347 and was completed in 1348, serving as a watchtower and defensive structure during the Republic of Ragusa's era. Dedicated to the Virgin Mary, the tower initially housed a small chapel, adding a sacred element to its purpose. Over the centuries, the tower transitioned through various functions, including a gunpowder storage facility, a lighthouse, and even a prison.

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Fort St. Margaret

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Located at the southernmost point of the formidable Dubrovnik city walls, Fort Saint Margaret extends boldly into the sea, offering visitors an unparalleled vantage point to witness the ebb and flow of boats entering and leaving the bustling port of Dubrovnik. Perched above the guard tower on the fort, you can also spot the Statue of St. Blaise, a beloved symbol of the city's patron saint. Constructed during the Renaissance in the 16th century, Fort Saint Margaret showcases exquisite architectural design, making it an excellent subject for photographers and a place to capture panoramic views of the historic Old Town. As you gaze from this fortress, you'll also be treated to captivating vistas of Lokrum Island, a destination with its own rich history.

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Fort St. Peter

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Fort Saint Peter is a remarkable section of Dubrovnik's historic defensive walls, built in the late 15th century. Positioned to face the sea, this part of the wall provides breathtaking panoramic views of the Adriatic coastline. It is a place of serene beauty, where visitors can take a moment to enjoy a refreshing beverage at a nearby café. The café at Fort St. Peter offers a small selection of drinks and provides a perfect spot to take a break during your exploration of the ancient city walls. As you relax and savor your drink, you'll be treated to awe-inspiring vistas that showcase the natural and architectural splendor of Dubrovnik. Fort St. Peter served as a crucial component of the city's defense system. Its strategic location made it instrumental in safeguarding the nearby Lovrijenac fortress from maritime threats. Additionally, it functioned as a vigilant lookout point, enabling early detection of ships approaching the west harbor.

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Fort St. Stephen

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Built during the Renaissance in the late 16th century, this fortress was strategically designed to protect the city from maritime threats, particularly from the east. The fort's architecture reflects the typical military design of the period, characterized by thick stone walls and strategic positioning to maximize visibility of the surrounding waters. The location allows for commanding views of the coastline and the nearby islands, making it an ideal lookout point. Over the years, Fort St. Stephen has also served various purposes, including as a barracks and a watchtower.

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Jesuit Stairs

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Gracing the heart of Dubrovnik's Old Town, the Jesuit Stairs climb gracefully from Gundulic Square to Pustijerna Square, offering a majestic ascent alongside historical and artistic allure. These iconic steps, known locally as "Stube," stand as a testament to the city's vibrant 18th-century Baroque architecture and its captivating blend of artistic influences. Designed by the renowned Roman architect Pietro Passalacqua, the stairs were built in 1738, commissioned by the Jesuit order to connect their college and church with the main city center. The grand design reflects the peak of Baroque style in Dubrovnik, characterized by sweeping curves, intricate details, and dramatic flourishes. The stairs stand as a tangible reminder of the significant role the Jesuit order played in the city's cultural and educational landscape during the 18th century.

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Gunduliceva Poljana Market

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Establiseh in the 14th Century, originally a fish market, it has evolved over centuries, reflecting the city's changing history and economic landscape. In the 19th century, the square was renamed after the renowned Croatian poet Ivan Gundulić, and a statue in his honor graces the market entrance.

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Monument of Ivan Gundulić

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The unveiling of the Gundulić monument in Dubrovnik on May 20, 1893, was a pivotal moment in the city's political landscape, highlighting the tensions between the Croat and Serb-Catholic factions in the pre-World War I era. The initiative to erect the monument originated from the "Dubrovnik Youth," an organization associated with the Serb-Catholic movement, which proposed commemorating the 300th anniversary of Gundulić's birth in 1888. Under the leadership of Mayor Rafael "Rafo" Pucić, the Municipal Council appointed a five-member committee composed of respected intellectuals, including Medo Pucić, Pero Budmani, Ivo Kaznačić, Mato Vodopić, and Luko Zore, to oversee the project. The project faced challenges early on, with several committee members passing away or resigning for various reasons. In 1891, a reconstituted committee, including members like Marinica Giorgi, Lujo Bizzarro, and Niko Bošković, took charge, increasing the budget to 15,800 florins. They employed various fundraising strategies, including outreach to emigrants in Argentina, to finance the monument's construction. The monument, created by Croatian sculptor Ivan Rendić, was unveiled in Poljana, Dubrovnik's largest square, amid a charged atmosphere of cultural and political significance. The event attracted supporters from both the Croatian Party of Rights and the Croatian People's Party, who sought to emphasize the Croatian national character of the celebration. In contrast, the Serb Party aimed to showcase a Serb-Catholic presence, resulting in a gathering that symbolized the divisions between these opposing national movements. The unveiling was ultimately conducted by Baron Frano Getaldić-Gundulić, the last male descendant of the Gundulić family. This moment marked not only the commemoration of a literary figure but also the broader socio-political context of the region, underscoring the enduring legacy of Gundulić and the complexities of national identity in Dubrovnik's history.

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Small Lionhead fountain

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This elegant fountain features a lion's head from which water flows, set against a backdrop of intricately carved stonework. It is situated in the heart of the city, making it a popular spot for both tourists and locals alike. Originally built in the 15th century, the fountain served as a vital water source for residents. Its design reflects the characteristic Gothic and Renaissance architectural styles that are prominent throughout Dubrovnik. The lion, a symbol of strength and courage, represents the city's heraldry and is a nod to Dubrovnik's rich maritime history.

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Churches and temples

Dominican Monastery

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The Dominican Monastery, located in the eastern part of Dubrovnik near the inner Ploče Gate, is a significant architectural and cultural landmark. Established in 1225, the monastery complex, which includes the Church of St. Dominic, was not fully completed until the 14th century. Strategically positioned within the city walls, the monastery became an integral part of Dubrovnik's defensive system. The Church of St. Dominic features a simple yet striking Gothic architectural design, characterized by its hall-like structure and a pentagonal Gothic apse. The high outer walls are unadorned, with a portal showcasing a mix of Romanesque and Gothic styles, modified by Bonino of Milan in 1419. One of the most notable artworks within the church is the large golden Crucifix created by Paolo Veneziano in the 14th century. This work not only depicts Christ but also features the four Evangelists in the corners, accompanied by mourning figures of Mary and St. Joseph, illustrating a distinctive Byzantine-Gothic style. The monastery complex took its final form in the 15th century, marked by the construction of the vestry, the capital hall, and the cloister. The cloister, built between 1456 and 1483 by local builders under the design of Florentine architect Massa di Bartolomeo, is a beautiful space characterized by Gothic and Renaissance triforiums and a central well crown. This green oasis provides a refreshing escape from the summer heat. The Capital Hall, designed by architect Božitko Bogdanović, served as a meeting place for the monastic community. It features Gothic doors and a pavement with gravestones from the 15th and 16th centuries, including notable figures like poets Dinko Ranjina and Junije Palmotić. In addition to its architectural significance, the Dominican Monastery houses a museum that exhibits a rich collection of paintings, artifacts, and jewelry from Dubrovnik's history. Highlights include works by renowned Dubrovnik artists such as Nikola Božidarević and Mihajlo Hamzić. The monastery's library, boasting over 220 incunabula and numerous illuminated manuscripts, further underscores its cultural importance. The Dominican Monastery stands as a testament to Dubrovnik's rich history, architectural beauty, and artistic heritage, making it a must-visit site for anyone exploring the city.

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Church of St. Sebastian

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It was constructed in the early 18th century, specifically between 1706 and 1713, and is dedicated to St. Sebastian, a Christian martyr known for his steadfast faith. The church was built in response to the devastating earthquake of 1667, which destroyed many buildings in Dubrovnik, including older places of worship. Its design reflects the Baroque style, characterized by elegant lines and ornate decorations. The façade features a prominent entrance with a decorative pediment, flanked by two bell towers, giving the church an imposing yet graceful appearance. Inside, the Church of St. Sebastian is adorned with beautiful altars, frescoes, and religious artwork, showcasing the artistic heritage of Dubrovnik. The interior is typically serene, providing a peaceful space for reflection and prayer. The church also houses a statue of St. Sebastian, which is an important feature of its religious significance.

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Church of Our Lady of the Rosary

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Built between 1715 and 1725, this Baroque church is part of the Franciscan monastic complex and reflects the artistic and architectural styles prevalent during that era. The church is characterized by its ornate façade, which features intricate details and a beautiful entrance. The bell tower, rising above the structure, adds to the church's majestic appearance and can be seen from various points within the city. Inside, the Church of Our Lady of the Rosary is adorned with stunning frescoes and religious artworks, including intricate altarpieces that showcase the rich artistic heritage of Dubrovnik. The interior is designed to create a serene atmosphere, with high ceilings and elegant arches that draw the eye upwards.

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Dubrovnik Synagogue

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The first mention of Jews in the city is recorded from this time, with a confirmed reference to a Jewish physician in 1326, although it remains unclear whether he accepted a position offered by the Dubrovnik government. By the mid-14th century, Jewish physicians were employed in Dubrovnik, marking the beginning of a notable presence of Jewish medical practitioners in the city. A significant ruling by the Dubrovnik Senate in 1407 officially allowed Jews to settle in the city. The expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492, following the Alhambra decree, led to an influx of Sephardic Jews and Marranos (converted Jews) seeking refuge in Dubrovnik. Many fled on Ragusan ships, as the Republic had established trade routes with Spain. Following the expulsion from Portugal in 1496, even more Jews arrived in Dubrovnik and the surrounding regions. Despite initial acceptance, the situation changed in 1515 when the Dubrovnik government decided to expel Jews and Marranos due to trade disagreements. However, by 1532, recognizing the need for skilled merchants, the government began to encourage Jewish immigration. The first Jewish ghetto regulations were enacted in 1540, and by 1545, the ghetto was established with specific housing designated for Jews, leading to an increase in their population and the expansion of the ghetto in 1587. The Jewish cemetery was first mentioned in 1612, indicating the community's growing permanence in the city. A notable landmark of Jewish heritage from this period is the Jewish fountain, built in the 16th century, which was exclusively used by the Jewish community. It was originally located under the Bell Tower but was later relocated to Brsalje. Throughout the centuries, the Jewish community in Dubrovnik experienced periods of tolerance and adversity. Tensions sometimes arose, leading to tragic incidents, such as wrongful convictions and persecution, including notable events in 1502, 1622, and 1724. Despite these challenges, the community thrived, with evidence of Jewish schools, wedding ceremonies, and participation in maritime ventures by the 18th century, when the Jewish population reached around 218 out of approximately 6,000 residents. The arrival of Napoleon's forces in 1806 brought legal equality for Jews for the first time, but this was short-lived as the Austrian Empire reinstated restrictions in 1815. It wasn't until the late 19th century that Jews were granted legal equality under Croatian law. During World War II, Dubrovnik was occupied by the Italians, who initially did not allow mass deportations. However, in 1942, under German pressure, Jews were interned and later deported to extermination camps, leading to a tragic loss of life. Today, the old Sephardi Synagogue can be found in Žudioska ulica ("Jewish Street"), which connects to Placa Street (Stradun). This synagogue, built in the 16th century, is the second oldest synagogue in Europe and the oldest Sephardic synagogue in active use. Its interior features Baroque design elements, a beautifully crafted Ark, and notable artifacts such as a Moorish carpet believed to have been a gift from Queen Isabella to her Jewish doctor during the Spanish expulsion.

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Church of St. Blaise

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St. Blasius, or Vlaho in Croatian, has been a revered patron saint of Dubrovnik for centuries, with a legend dating back to 971. According to this legend, on the night of February 2nd to 3rd, Venetian ships anchored near Dubrovnik under the pretense of gathering supplies. A priest named Stojko approached the Church of St. Stephen (Stjepan) in Pustijerna and discovered the doors wide open. Inside, he encountered a gray old man accompanied by a battalion of heavenly forces. The old man identified himself as St. Blasius and instructed Stojko to warn the city council of an impending Venetian attack. Following his warning, the city fortified its defenses, causing the Venetians to abandon their plans. This event marked St. Blasius as the protector of Dubrovnik. Over the years, St. Blasius has inspired countless artists, resulting in numerous statues throughout the city. His image can be found on the city walls, where he is depicted watching over Dubrovnik, ever-vigilant against threats. St. Blasius is recognized as the most frequently represented motif in Dubrovnik's art and architecture. Since 972, the city has celebrated his feast day on February 3rd, a tradition that continues to draw thousands of visitors for the Festival of St. Blasius. In honor of the saint, the Church of St. Blasius was constructed. The current structure was designed by Venetian architect Marino Gropelli in 1715, replacing an older Romanesque church from 1368 that had suffered damage in the Great Earthquake of 1667 and was ultimately destroyed by a fire in 1706. Built in Baroque style, the church's design was influenced by the Church of St. Mauritius in Venice. Its grand entrance features a large staircase leading to an ornate main portal, topped by a striking dome. The interior of the church is richly decorated, with impressive marble altars. The centerpiece of the main altar is a Gothic statue of St. Blasius, crafted in gold-plated silver in the 15th century. This statue holds a model of Dubrovnik as it appeared before the earthquake, representing a significant historical artifact. Remarkably, the statue and other valuables were unharmed during both the earthquake and the subsequent fire, which many interpreted as a miracle. Additional notable works in the church include stone statues of St. Blasius and St. Jerome, created by the Brac sculptor Nikola Lazanic in the late 16th century, originally part of the old church.

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Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary

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According to legend, Richard the Lionheart was shipwrecked on Lokrum Island near Dubrovnik in 1192 while returning from the Crusades. Surviving a violent storm, he vowed to build a grand church to thank God for his life. Upon sharing his intentions with the Dubrovnik leaders, they persuaded him to construct the church within the city instead. This led to the erection of the original Romanesque Cathedral of Dubrovnik between the 12th and 14th centuries. Unfortunately, this cathedral was destroyed in the Great Earthquake of 1667, which had once adorned the city with a luxurious domed basilica filled with statues. During renovations in 1981, archaeologists uncovered another earlier cathedral beneath the foundations of the Romanesque structure. This earlier church dates back to the 7th century, providing vital insights into Dubrovnik's origins and confirming that the city was a well-established urban center at that time. Previously, it had been unclear how such a young city could have developed rapidly; the findings revealed a thriving settlement long before Dubrovnik's official foundation. Following the destruction of the Romanesque Cathedral, the city council prioritized rebuilding. Stjepan Gradić, a Dubrovnik patriot and custodian of the Vatican library, recommended architect Andrea Buffalini from Urbino for the new project. Buffalini designed the cathedral in the Roman-Baroque style, envisioning a domed three-nave church. The current Cathedral of the Annunciation of St. Mary was completed by 1713 and stands as a testament to this vision. The cathedral houses a treasury containing 182 relics, gifts from various regents, and the relics of St. Blasius, Dubrovnik's patron saint. It also holds sacred dishes from the 13th to the 18th century and an impressive collection of valuable paintings. Despite being heavily damaged in the 1667 earthquake, the treasury contains remnants that highlight the artistic wealth that once belonged to the church. Among the most treasured items are the reliquaries of St. Blasius's head and arm, with the head reliquary resembling a Byzantine imperial crown and adorned with enameled medals and precious stones, showcasing the exceptional craftsmanship of Dubrovnik's goldsmiths from the 11th and 12th centuries. The cathedral's treasury is one of the richest along the Adriatic coast, and during the time of the Dubrovnik Republic, it was regarded as a property of the republic itself. Access to the treasury required three different keys, held by the archbishop, the cathedral rector, and the secretary of the republic, reflecting the cautious nature of the citizens. Inside the cathedral, visitors can admire a polyptych in the main apse, titled "Annunciation of Mary," created by the renowned painter Titian Vecelli and his workshop. Originally commissioned by the Brotherhood of St. Lazarus, it was moved to the cathedral after the brotherhood's church was also devastated in the earthquake. The cathedral features several notable altars, including: The Altar of St. John, crafted from purple marble in the Nordic-Baroque style, donated by Nikola Josip Gljivović, the bishop of Srijem. The Votive Altar of Our Lady of the Port, where sailors and their families prayed for safety at sea. Coral jewelry, a votive offering, adorns this altar, reflecting the local craftsmanship of the Elaphite Islands. The Altar of "Petilovrijenci," dedicated to three Montenegrin martyr saints. Their bones were brought to Dubrovnik after the original church where they were kept was damaged in the earthquake. This altar's construction highlights the historical practice of attracting pilgrims to the city by housing relics, as more relics drew more visitors seeking blessings.

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Church of St. Carmen

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The Church of St. Carmen, located above the small church of St. John, was established around 1630 and is a notable landmark in Dubrovnik, giving its name to the surrounding area. The church's architectural style is characterized by Baroque elements, evident in its facade and decorative features. The church is dedicated to Mount Carmel, located in present-day Israel, reflecting its title. Inside, visitors can find a collection of altarpieces from various periods, including works by 18th-century artist S. Riccio and 17th-century painters A. Vaccaro and G.A. Canini, with Canini’s work dating back to 1641. The interior also boasts a striking Baroque painting on the ceiling, enhancing the church’s ornate atmosphere. Additionally, a significant feature of the church is the 15th-century stone statue of St. Blaise, which was added later, further enriching the church's historical and cultural significance. The Church of St. Carmen stands as a testament to the artistic and architectural heritage of Dubrovnik, drawing visitors who appreciate its beauty and historical context.

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Church of St. Stephen (remains)

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The remains of the Church of St. Stephen in Dubrovnik are often overlooked by visitors who stick to the main streets or walk along the city walls, as the view of the sea and the island of Lokrum tends to capture most attention. Situated southwest of the Dubrovnik Cathedral, the remnants of this Romanesque church bear witness to a rich history, despite having collapsed in the earthquake of 1667. Historically, the church is noted in 949 by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus in his work "On the Management of the Empire," where he describes it as "the central, most important building in Dubrovnik" that housed the relics of St. Pancras. The origins of the church trace back to around 920 when King Pavlimir returned from Rome, generously donating to the church and storing the relics of five saints he had brought with him: St. Nereus, St. Achilles, St. Pancras, St. Domitila, and St. Petronila, the daughter of St. Peter. A larger structure was later commissioned on the same site by Croatian King Stjepan Miroslav and his wife Queen Margarita in 948 during their visit to Dubrovnik. They decorated the church lavishly, with Queen Margarita contributing two pieces of wood from the Holy Cross. Dubrovnik historians also report that King Miroslav granted land to the city, encompassing areas such as Župa, Brgat, Šumet, Rijeka Dubrovačka, and Zaton, under the condition that churches of St. Stephen of equal size be built in these locations, reflecting the significant cultural and religious influence of the original church in Dubrovnik’s history. Despite its current state of ruin, the Church of St. Stephen remains a poignant symbol of the city’s rich heritage and religious devotion.

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Church of St. Jerome

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The Church of St. Jerome was constructed in the 16th century, during a time of significant religious and cultural development in Dubrovnik. It reflects the architectural styles prevalent during the Renaissance and Baroque periods. The church is characterized by its simple yet elegant design, which aligns with the aesthetic values of the era. The façade of the Church of St. Jerome features classic elements, including a bell tower and a modest entrance adorned with decorative details. The interior of the church is adorned with altarpieces and religious artwork, showcasing the craftsmanship of the period. The church may also house relics or symbols associated with St. Jerome, adding to its historical significance.

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Church of St. Margaret

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According to legend, Queen Margaret built this church in 1571 on the location of an older one. It no longer holds the services.

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Church of St. Ignatius

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On the south side of Gundulić Square, a monumental Baroque staircase ascends to Poljana Ruđera Boškovića, where the Church of St. Ignatius and Collegium Ragusinum, Dubrovnik's esteemed Jesuit college, are situated. This urban complex is often regarded as one of the finest examples of Baroque architecture in Dubrovnik and the entire Croatian coast. The origins of the college can be traced back to 1555 when Bishop Beccaddeli expressed dissatisfaction with the Italian scholars present in Dubrovnik and requested the newly established Jesuit order to open a college. However, it wasn't until 1647 that the project gained traction, aided by the legacy of Marin Gundulić, a Jesuit from Dubrovnik. Jesuit Rector Gianbattista Canauli initiated a plan in 1653 to regulate the urban layout of the area and allocate space for the church and college. The initial phase of the project involved demolishing several houses, but work was halted by the Great Earthquake of 1667. Efforts resumed towards the end of the century, with the renowned Jesuit architect and painter Iganzio Pozzo called to finalize the designs, which he completed by 1703, with construction finishing in 1725. The Church of St. Ignatius is characterized by a single nave, flanked by side chapels and a semicircular divided apse. Its interior is adorned with stunning Baroque frescoes depicting scenes from the life of St. Ignatius de Loyola, painted by Gaetano Garcia. These frescoes complement the church's ambiance, creating a breathtaking visual experience for visitors. Notably, the church's belfry houses the oldest bell in Dubrovnik, cast in 1355 by Viventius and his son Viator. Adjacent to the church, the Jesuit college building, designed by Ranjina and Canali, features neutral, robust lines that highlight the Baroque façade of the church. The magnificent staircase, designed by the Roman architect Pietro Passalacqua in 1738, has elegantly curved steps that create a visual effect reminiscent of the famous Roman staircase leading from Piazza di Spagna to the Trinità dei Monti. This harmonious blend of architecture and artistry makes the St. Ignatius complex a remarkable highlight of Dubrovnik's rich cultural heritage.

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Church of Saint Mary (remains)

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The Church of St. Mary Magdalene is situated on the site of the Castellum (Kaštio), which is recognized as the oldest fort in Dubrovnik. The convent associated with the church was originally established in the 12th century and underwent significant reconstruction in the 15th century. Unfortunately, the structure was severely damaged during the 1667 earthquake but was later restored. The church features a single nave with a Renaissance semicircular apse, complemented by some Gothic elements, which showcases the architectural transitions of the period. It was constructed by the Andrijić brothers around 1500, reflecting the artistic styles and influences of that era. However, the convent was dissolved in 1806, and the church is no longer in use today. Despite its abandonment, the historical significance of St. Mary Magdalene Church, along with its architectural features, remains an important part of Dubrovnik's cultural heritage.

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Church of the Holy Annunciation

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The historical negotiations following the conflict between Dubrovnik and Russia (1764 to 1775) significantly influenced the establishment of the Orthodox Christian presence in the city. The Russian government requested that Dubrovnik accept a consul with the right to build an Orthodox Christian church. However, the Dubrovnik government denied this request, explaining that there were only a few Orthodox families in the area. Instead, they permitted the consul to arrange for a small chapel within his residence. Consequently, an Orthodox chapel was constructed outside the city walls on Boninovo, the site of what is now the Dubrovnik cemetery. In the report by emissary Ranjina, the reasoning behind the refusal to allow the construction of an Orthodox church is revealed. He warned that if an Orthodox church were built, it would likely lead to an influx of Orthodox Christians from regions under Venetian and Ottoman control. These newcomers would remain subjects of their respective rulers, and their numbers could eventually threaten the autonomy of Dubrovnik, undermining the Republic’s identity. Under the policies of the Dubrovnik Senate, an Orthodox Christian priest was allowed to visit Dubrovnik only twice a year, for a maximum of eight days. It was not until 1813 that Orthodox Christians in Dubrovnik were granted citizenship status; prior to this, they were considered subjects of the Ottoman Empire. As the political landscape shifted, the Guardian Council of the Orthodox Church began searching for a suitable site for a proper church to replace the existing chapel in 1839. In 1865, they purchased the Gucetic Theatre from the Bošković brothers and commissioned architect Vechetti for the project. However, the building project commenced in 1868 revealed that the parcel was too small for their plans. Consequently, the council acquired the Renaissance Gundulic Palace and the Palace Stay, along with the baroque garden and adjacent buildings on Ulica od Puca (translated as "Street of Wells"). To realize the project, two buildings on this street, as well as part of the baroque wing of Gundulic Palace and the garden, were demolished. Construction of the new Orthodox church began in 1871, and the church was consecrated in 1877, although final touches continued into the early 20th century. The church features a single nave, a semicircular apse, and two octagonal belfries, all oriented towards Ulica od Puca. Built in the ornamental neo-Byzantine style, the church stands out due to its elevated position and distinctive architectural presence in the surrounding area. In 1907, the Orthodox Church acquired the adjacent Bundic Palace and a small baroque Chapel of the Annunciation. A new building housing the church's offices replaced the chapel. Today, the Bundic Palace houses the Museum of Icons, showcasing a collection of valuable icons dating from the 15th to the 19th centuries, portraits by notable artists like Vlaho Bukovac, important furniture pieces, and artifacts such as a facsimile edition of the Gospel by St. Miroslav and a Russian-printed Gospel in a metal cover. The museum serves as a vital link to the rich heritage of the Orthodox Christian community in Dubrovnik.

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Islamic community of Croatia - Meshihat

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During the many centuries of the Dubrovnik Republic, a significant number of Muslims passed through the city as merchants, officials of the Ottoman Empire, and pilgrims, as Dubrovnik served as a starting point for journeys to Mecca. However, it was only after the fall of the Republic that the first Muslim families began to permanently settle in Dubrovnik. In 1878, following the Vienna Congress, Bosnia and Herzegovina were integrated into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, bringing Dubrovnik and the Herzegovina hinterland under the same administration. This integration facilitated the free flow of people, leading to the arrival of the first Muslim families who settled in Dubrovnik. The commercial development of the port of Gruž in the early 20th century further increased demand for labor, attracting even more migrants from nearby Herzegovina, many of whom were Muslim. Most of the Muslims in Dubrovnik came as workers or merchants. By the 1920s, the small Muslim community began to organize themselves for worship, initially holding prayers in private homes. In 1929, it is documented that prayers were conducted in the house of the Karamehmedović family. However, as the community grew, this informal setting proved inadequate, prompting a search for more suitable premises. The idea of establishing a Majlis (Islamic Community) in Dubrovnik emerged in 1932, and by 1933, the Majlis was established with the appointment of the first Imam. In **1937**, goldsmith Josip Krilić offered to assist the community by leasing his storehouse in Ranjina Street for worship. Unfortunately, this space was not viable for long due to a lack of water supply. The search for a new location continued until 1941, when the community leased premises at Miho Pracat Street, house number 3, which is now the site of the Masjid. In 1964, the premises became the property of the Islamic community, and prayer services have been held there ever since. The three-story building on Miho Pracat Street includes a Masjid (place of worship), offices, a Mektebi (religious instruction room), a library, and a youth club. In keeping with Dubrovnik's architectural style, the entrance is marked by an outdoor lantern hanging from the building. The Masjid is situated on the second floor and is open daily from 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM. Entering the Masjid resembles entering a private residence, expanding into a spacious worship area within.

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Franciscan Church and Monastery

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The large complex of the Franciscan Monastery is situated at the very beginning of Placa, to the left of the inner Pile Gate, next to the Holy Savior Church. The lateral facade of the monastery church runs along the principal street of Dubrovnik, while the monastery extends north along the walls, reaching as far as the Minčeta Tower. The Franciscan order arrived in Dubrovnik around 1234, establishing the first monastery in the 13th century in the Pile area, where Hotel Hilton Imperial now stands. However, as the city faced the threat of war, a decision was made in 1317 to demolish this original monastery (known as the Franciscan Monastery of St. Thomas) to prevent its potential use by enemies in the event of a siege. That same year, a new monastery (the Friars Minor monastery) was constructed within the city walls, with work continuing over the centuries. The establishment of the Friars Minor pharmacy also dates to this year. While the Franciscan order traditionally cared for sick brethren, this pharmacy was designed as a public pharmacy, serving both the monks and the wider community. Its location on the monastery's ground floor allowed it to provide a steady income, fulfilling the order's material needs. Today, the Friars Minor pharmacy is recognized as the third oldest functioning pharmacy in the world. In 1938, a pharmacy museum was established within the Franciscan monastery, showcasing exhibits from the history of this noble profession. The large Franciscan church was once one of the wealthiest churches in Dubrovnik until it was destroyed in the Great Earthquake of 1667. The only surviving element from the former structure is the portal on the south wall, which was likely relocated from the front to the lateral wall during the 17th-century restoration. According to a 1498 contract, this portal, the most monumental of its time in Dubrovnik, was carved in a leading local workshop owned by the brothers Leonard and Petar Petrović. The portal exhibits all the characteristics of Gothic style, while the solid volumes of the figures reflect a Renaissance spirit. Above the door-posts are figures of St. Jerome and St. John the Baptist, with the Pietà represented in the central Gothic lunette, and the figure of the Father Creator positioned above it. This iconography and the choice of patron saints illustrate the Franciscans' aspirations and social doctrine during a politically turbulent time. St. John the Baptist symbolizes Christian constancy against Turkish incursions, while St. Jerome signifies spiritual unity with Dalmatia. The Pietà reflects compassion for the impoverished urban community seeking solace from the Franciscans, and the Creator figure symbolizes resistance to contemporary humanist views. The church was reconstructed in the Baroque style. The northern wall of the church forms the southern wing of one of Dubrovnik's most beautiful cloisters. Built in the late Romanesque style by master Mihoje Brajkov of Bar in 1360, the cloister features a harmonious ambiance framed by a colonnade of double hexaphoras, each with unique capitals. It is considered one of the most valuable late Romanesque creations along the Croatian Adriatic coast. The monastery also has another cloister built in Gothic style, but this area is for private use and is not accessible to the public. The cloister of the Friars Minor Monastery is among the most beautiful places to visit within the Old Town of Dubrovnik. Its combination of valuable museum exhibits and the rich history behind the Franciscan monastery and its centuries-old pharmacy make it an essential attraction that every visitor should take time to experience. The monastery houses one of Croatia's richest old libraries, renowned globally for its valuable collection. The library comprises over 70,000 books, including more than 1,200 ancient manuscripts of extraordinary significance, 216 incunabula, and 22 volumes of old church choral music dating from the 15th to the 17th century. The collection of liturgical and art objects is displayed in a large Renaissance hall, which also features the inventory from the old Franciscan pharmacy, paintings by old masters, valuable goldwork specimens, and rare books.

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Church of St. Salvation

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Between the Pile Gate and the Franciscan Monastery, adjacent to the entrance of the City walls, lies the small votive Church of the Holy Savior. This church was constructed shortly after a devastating earthquake in 1520, following a decision by the Dubrovnik Senate. It was built as an act of gratitude to God, thanking the Savior for sparing the city from significant damage during the earthquake. This historical context is noted in the monumental inscription adorning the church's frontispiece. Notably, even noble ladies participated in the construction of this votive church, carrying stone and wood to help appease the higher powers. The church's construction commenced in 1520 and was completed in 1528, designed by Petar Andrijić, a master architect from Korčula. The Andrijić family is renowned for their exceptional stone carving tradition, having contributed to many buildings in Korčula. Remarkably, the Church of the Holy Savior was not damaged in the Great Earthquake of 1667, allowing it to retain its original form. While the church exhibits some Gothic elements, such as the cross-ribbed ceiling and pointed arches in the side windows, it stands as a fine example of Dubrovnik Renaissance architecture. The frontispiece showcases prominent Renaissance features, including the portal and the three-leaved semi-circular ending. The church's proportions, semi-circular apse, and overall design contribute to its status as a clear representation of the Renaissance building model.

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Church of St. George

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The Church of St. George underwent significant modifications during the 17th and 18th centuries, transforming it into its current form. During this period, two side Baroque altars were removed, and a new choir was added, reflecting the architectural styles of the time. Among the notable artworks housed within the church is the painting of the Madonna with Child in a Rose Garden, created by Blaž Jurjev od Trogir in 1421. Additionally, the church features a Madonna with Child attributed to an anonymous Ragusan artist from the 16th century, which has been incorporated into the main altar. These artworks contribute to the church's rich cultural and artistic heritage.

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Saint Mary in Dance

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The Church of St. Mary, also known as Our Lady of Danče, is situated above Dance beach and was constructed in 1457. It houses some of the most significant art pieces in Dubrovnik, including the Triptych by Nikola Bozidarević and the Polyptych by Lovro Dobričević, making it a notable site for art lovers. The church has historical roots connected to the devastating plague outbreaks that struck Dubrovnik several times. In 1430, the Dubrovnik Republic established a quarantine at Danče to isolate those infected with the plague. This initiative was innovative for its time and influenced similar measures in various European cities. As the epidemic persisted, the government decided to construct a church and cemetery at Danče, allowing the deceased to be buried in a sacred place rather than "dying like cattle." This reflected the community's commitment to honoring the souls of the departed. At that time, a convent was established nearby, where nuns cared for the sick. While the plague is no longer a threat, the nuns continue to reside at Danče. They maintain the tradition of ringing the church bells to welcome passing ships, wishing them calm seas and happiness. This custom, which dates back to the mid-17th century, adds a charming element to the area's maritime culture, especially during the summer months when visitors can hear the bells echoing across the water.

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Museums and cultural venues

Lazareti - Dubrovnik Creative Centre

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The Lazzarettos, located approximately 300 meters from the walls of Dubrovnik, comprise a group of interconnected buildings that once served as a quarantine station for the Republic of Ragusa. This merchant city-state was heavily engaged in trade, which brought it into contact with various peoples and goods from across the globe. To protect its citizens from epidemics that frequently emerged throughout the Mediterranean and the Balkans, the Republic had to implement preventive health measures. Between the 14th and 18th centuries, Europe and Asia faced significant challenges from plague and cholera epidemics. Traditional treatments recommended by doctors at the time, such as vinegar, sulfur, and garlic, proved largely ineffective. In response, authorities began to isolate those infected with contagious diseases to prevent the spread of illness. In the 15th century, quarantine facilities were relocated from uninhabited islands like Mrkan, Bobara, and Supetar to more accessible areas near the city, largely due to concerns that the Ottoman Empire could use these locations as staging grounds for an attack. Construction of a large lazaretto on Lokrum began in 1533 and was completed by the end of the 16th century. Following this, the government initiated the construction of the lazaretto in Ploče in 1590, which was completed in 1642. This facility consisted of ten multistory buildings arranged around five interior courtyards, with designated areas for quarantine and five residential buildings for passengers. Guard towers flanked the living quarters, and an apartment for the Ottoman envoy was included to oversee Ottoman subjects visiting Dubrovnik. The establishment of the Lazzarettos significantly curtailed the spread of epidemics, with the last major outbreak occurring in 1815-16. After the Republic's fall in 1808, the facilities continued to serve as quarantine sites for merchants arriving from the inner Balkans and were later repurposed for military uses. However, the Lazzarettos suffered damage from fire in the late 19th century and again after World War I, leading to renovations that bricked up the arcades in the courtyards and the sea-facing gates. Today, the Lazzarettos have transitioned from their historical function to become a venue for recreation, trade, and entertainment, offering a glimpse into Dubrovnik's rich past while serving contemporary needs.

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Tvrđava Minčeta

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The Minceta Tower, built in the early 1460s, stands as a formidable round fort that dominates the northwestern section of Dubrovnik, serving as a critical part of the city's fortifications during a time of significant Turkish threat. This iconic structure has become synonymous with Dubrovnik, often hailed as a symbol of the "unconquerable city." Its recognition extends beyond history; fans of *Game of Thrones* may recall the Minceta Tower as the House of the Undying in Qarth, where Daenerys Targaryen sought her stolen dragons. Originally constructed in 1319 as a four-sided fort by the Menčetić family, the tower underwent significant modifications following the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. Italian sculptor and architect Michelozzo di Bartolomeo Michelozzi was commissioned to redesign the tower into a round structure optimized for warfare, featuring impressive six-meter-thick walls and protected gun ports. However, a disagreement with local officials led to his departure back to Italy before the tower's completion. It was then finalized by Giorgio da Sebenico, also known as Juraj Dalmatinac, who reinforced the tower's base and added its distinctive Gothic crown. Completed in 1464, the Minceta Tower remains a must-visit site for tourists. Though the ascent of 750 steep, winding steps can be a challenge, those who reach the top are rewarded with breathtaking views of the old town of Dubrovnik on one side and the vast expanse of the Adriatic Sea on the other. The tower also features a museum in its excavated basement, offering insights into its historical significance. During the summer months, the Minceta Tower displays the Libertas flag alongside its own, a powerful symbol of the old Dubrovnik Republic. The term "libertas" is Latin for freedom, reflecting the spirit of independence that characterized Dubrovnik's rich history.

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Sponza Palace

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At the end of Placa (Stradun) street, beside Luža, on the left side of the square centered with the Orlando column, the monumental Gothic-Renaissance Sponza Palace finds its rightful place. Sponza is one of the most beautiful palaces in the City, which has preserved its original form. Built between 1516 and 1522, its structure suggests what many public and private palaces in Dubrovnik may have looked like before the earthquake of 1667. The palace derives its name from the word for the spot where rainwater was collected (Spongia- “alluvium”), referring to the former use of the site on which it was built. During the time of the Republic, Sponza Palace housed the customs office and bonded warehouse, leading to its alternate name, Divona (from dogana - “customs”). The Sponza Palace served as the seat for various state offices, including the mint, the bank, the treasury, and the armory. Designed by protomagister (chief architect) Paskoje Miličević, the project was completed in 1522. The palace is a large rectangular building with an inner courtyard. An open porch communicates with the square in front, while another porch opens on the first floor. This complex structure is a mixture of Gothic and Renaissance styles, reflecting the conservative aesthetic of the Dubrovnik Republic during that time. The porch and the sculptural ornaments of the building were crafted after 1516 by the Andrijić brothers, masters from Korčula, along with other lesser-known stone-cutters. A beautiful medal featuring Jesus' monogram and two angels was carved by the sculptor Beltrand Gallicus on the back wall. Individual bonded warehouses within the palace bear the names of saints inscribed in capital letters on the arch of the atrium, from which a balance was once suspended. The inscription on the arch captures the integrity of the city’s measures: FALLERE NOSTRA VETANT; ET FALLI PONDERA: MEQUE PONDERO CVM MERCES: PONDERAT IPSE DEVS (Our weights do not permit cheating or being cheated. When I measure the commodities, the Lord measures with me.) Remarkably, the Sponza Palace was not damaged in the earthquake of 1667, a fact that likely played a crucial role in the survival of the Dubrovnik Republic. State affairs could continue despite the extensive destruction elsewhere in the city. Members of the Accademia dei Concordi, founded at the close of the 16th century by a group of poets, gathered in the large hall of the first floor, marking Dubrovnik's first institution of literary life. Today, the Sponza Palace is home to the most important cultural institution in Dubrovnik — the archive, which occupies the first floor. The palace also holds a unique role during the special opening ceremony of the Dubrovnik Summer Festival. Actors impersonating the Rector and the members of the Council Minor sit on the upper porch of the Sponza Palace, greeting performers who have come to the City to entertain the public with music and theatrical shows. After various skill demonstrations by the actors and a lengthy discussion from the council, the ceremony concludes with the Rector granting the actors free access to the City and presenting them with the keys, allowing them to stage their performances and amuse the public.

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Bishop's Palace & Art Collection

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This historic building has played a significant role in the religious and cultural life of the city since its establishment. The current Bishop's Palace was built in the 18th century after the original structure was damaged in the Great Earthquake of 1667. It showcases a blend of Baroque and Renaissance architectural styles, featuring elegant facades and ornate detailing. The palace has served as the residence of the bishops of Dubrovnik and has undergone various renovations over the years to preserve its historical and cultural significance. One of the notable aspects of the Bishop's Palace is its impressive art collection. The collection includes a variety of religious artworks, such as paintings, sculptures, and liturgical objects, reflecting the rich artistic heritage of the region. Among the highlights are works by prominent artists from Dubrovnik and the surrounding areas, which contribute to the understanding of the city's artistic development over the centuries.

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House of Marin Držić

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The House of Marin Držić, also known as Dom Marina Držića, is a museum and memorial house dedicated to the life and works of Marin Držić, the most celebrated playwright of Croatian Renaissance comedy. Nestled in the heart of Dubrovnik's Old Town, at Široka 7, this charming 16th-century stone building offers visitors a glimpse into the history and legacy of Croatian literature.

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MOMAD Museum of Modern Art Dubrovnik

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Standing within the historical city walls of Dubrovnik, the Museum of Modern Art (MOMAD) is a vibrant center showcasing Croatia's rich artistic tapestry. This captivating museum not only houses an impressive permanent collection but also hosts engaging temporary exhibitions, fostering appreciation for modern and contemporary art among visitors. Established after World War II, MOMAD initially focused on exhibiting works by local artists. Over the years, it expanded its scope to encompass a broader range of international modern and contemporary art. The museum resides within a splendid 19th-century palace originally built for Dubrovnik ship-owner Božo Banac. The building's unique architecture adds to the museum's ambiance. In 2002, MOMAD opened an Annex in Pile Gate, another historical landmark, further demonstrating its commitment to showcasing art in diverse spaces.

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Rector's Palace

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Built in the early 13th century, the palace initially served as a defensive structure. However, after facing destruction by gunpowder explosions in the 15th century, it was rebuilt in a Venetian-Gothic style by renowned architect Michelozzo Michelozzi. More than just a residence, the palace housed diverse functions. It held the Rector's office, public halls, administrative offices, and even a dungeon. Interestingly, the Rector wasn't allowed to leave the building during his one-month term without permission! The palace witnessed several architectural transformations, incorporating Renaissance and Baroque elements into its Gothic core. Today, it stands as a harmonious blend of styles, reflecting the city's evolving historical influences.

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WAR PHOTO LIMITED

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War Photo Limited is a unique museum located in the heart of Dubrovnik, dedicated to the powerful art of war photography and the profound impact of conflict on individuals and communities. Founded in 2004 by renowned photographer Wade Goddard, the museum aims to present a comprehensive narrative of war through the lens of photojournalism, highlighting both the realities of war and the resilience of humanity. The museum showcases a rotating collection of photographs, exhibitions, and multimedia presentations that focus on various conflicts around the world, including the Croatian War of Independence and other significant global events. Visitors can view compelling images that capture the raw emotions and experiences of people affected by war, as well as the stories behind the photographs. In addition to its permanent and temporary exhibitions, War Photo Limited offers educational programs, workshops, and lectures aimed at raising awareness about the importance of photojournalism in documenting human rights issues and the consequences of conflict. The museum serves as a platform for discussion and reflection on the nature of war, peace, and the role of the media in shaping public perception. By focusing on the emotional and social dimensions of conflict, War Photo Limited provides a poignant reminder of the effects of war on individuals and societies, making it an essential stop for visitors seeking to understand the complexities of history and the human experience.

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Wine Museum Dubrovnik

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The Wine Museum in Dubrovnik is a charming and intimate venue dedicated to showcasing the rich wine heritage of the region. Located within the historic Old Town, the museum offers visitors a unique opportunity to explore the history, culture, and traditions of winemaking in Croatia, particularly in the Dubrovnik area. The museum features an impressive collection of artifacts related to the winemaking process, including traditional tools and equipment used by local vintners. Visitors can learn about the various grape varieties grown in the region, the unique terroir that influences the flavor profiles of the wines, and the history of winemaking in Croatia, which dates back thousands of years. One of the highlights of the Wine Museum is the opportunity to taste a selection of local wines. Guided tastings allow guests to sample various wines, often paired with traditional Croatian snacks, while learning about the characteristics of each wine and the winemaking process. The Wine Museum not only serves as a celebration of the local viticulture but also aims to promote awareness of Croatian wines, which have gained recognition on the international stage in recent years. With its informative displays, warm atmosphere, and engaging tastings, the Wine Museum is a must-visit destination for wine enthusiasts and anyone interested in the cultural heritage of Dubrovnik.

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Maritime Museum

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The Maritime Museum was founded in 1949 at the initiative of the Yugoslav (today the Croatian) Academy of Sciences and Arts; since 1987 it was been a part of the Dubrovnik Museums. The main part of the holdings arose from numerous donations of Dubrovnik citizens to the Patriotic Museum in the first half of the 20th century and objects from the exhibition Dubrovnik Seafaring through the Ages, which was put on in 1941. Since 1952, the museum has been located on the first and second floors of Fort St John (sv. Ivan). In the past the fort guarded the entrance into the city port, and was one of the most important points of the city's defences. The construction works started in 1346, today's appearance being completed at the end of the 16th century. In the 19th century it was rebuilt into two floors, and at the places where there had been artillery embrasures, windows were installed. The museum systematically collects, studies, exhibits and publishes the museum material from the maritime past of the Dubrovnik region, all the way since Antiquity. Today it has holdings of over eleven thousand objects classified into fifteen collections.

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Red History Museum

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The Red History Museum in Dubrovnik offers a unique and immersive experience into the everyday life under the Socialist regime of Yugoslavia. Opened in 2023, it aims to foster a comprehensive understanding of this often complex and sometimes controversial period in Croatian history. More Than Just Artifacts: Unlike traditional museums primarily showcasing objects, the Red History Museum utilizes modern and interactive techniques to bring the past to life. It offers: Thematic Rooms: Dedicated sections recreate typical living spaces like kitchens, schools, and workplaces, filled with authentic objects and multimedia presentations. Personal Stories: Audio and video testimonials from individuals who lived through this era add a personal touch and emotional depth to the exhibits. Interactive Activities: Visitors can try on period clothing, play games, and participate in simulations to understand daily life under socialism.

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Homeland War Museum

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The Homeland War Museum in Fort Imperial is a powerful and moving experience that chronicles the Croatian War of Independence (1991-1995) from the perspective of Dubrovnik and the surrounding area. Situated on Srđ Hill, the museum offers stunning views of the city and Adriatic Sea, while housing a collection of exhibits that document the hardships and triumphs endured by the Croatian people during the war.

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Parks and green spaces

Park Gradac

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Park Gradac is a beautiful and popular park located in Dubrovnik, Croatia. Situated just outside the Pile Gate of the Old Town, it offers stunning views of the Adriatic Sea, Lovrijenac Fort, and the city walls. With its well-maintained paths, lush vegetation, and peaceful atmosphere, Park Gradac is a perfect place to relax and enjoy the outdoors.

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Velika and Mala Petka Forest Park

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Velika and Mala Petka Forest Park is a wonderful green space located on the south side of Lapad Bay in Dubrovnik, Croatia. This park offers a perfect escape from the bustling city center, providing visitors with scenic hiking and jogging paths amidst Aleppo pines and Mediterranean shrubs. Two Hills, Diverse Experiences: The park encompasses two hills: Velika Petka and Mala Petka. Velika Petka features a paved path that leads to the top, rewarding hikers with breathtaking panoramic views of the Adriatic Sea, Dubrovnik Old Town, and surrounding islands. Mala Petka, on the other hand, boasts gravel and more rugged trails, offering a more challenging and adventurous experience.

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Park Orsula

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Built in the 19th century on the grounds of a former Benedictine monastery, Park Orsula boasts remnants of the past, including the ruins of the 14th-century St. Ursula's Church. This historical blend adds a unique ambiance to the park, allowing visitors to connect with the city's rich heritage. Breathtaking Views: One of the park's biggest draws is its unbeatable vantage point. As you wander through the park, you'll be mesmerized by panoramic vistas of the turquoise waters, the iconic Old Town walls, and the lush greenery of Lokrum Island. It's a perfect spot to capture breathtaking photos and soak in the picturesque scenery.

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Beaches

Kolorina

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Kolorina Bay is a small, rocky inlet nestled between the mighty fortresses of Lovrijenac and Bokar, just outside the western walls of Dubrovnik's Old Town. It's a popular spot for swimming, sunbathing, and kayaking due to its calm waters and beautiful scenery.

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Šulić

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Unlike many Dubrovnik beaches with pebbles or sand, Šulić boasts a smooth, rocky shoreline. This might not be ideal for building sandcastles, but it creates a unique feel and offers excellent vantage points for admiring the turquoise waters. The beach remains pristine with minimal development, allowing you to truly immerse yourself in the beauty of the Adriatic Sea.

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Plaža Danče / Danče Beach

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Plaža Danče, also known as Danče Beach, offers a unique and charming alternative to Dubrovnik's larger, more crowded beaches. Nestled just west of the Old Town in Danče Bay, it boasts a mix of concrete areas for sunbathing and rocky outcroppings for adventurous dips in the Adriatic Sea.

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Bellevue Beach

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Hidden behind the Hotel Bellevue, Bellevue Beach is a small, yet stunning pebble beach offering a peaceful escape from the bustling Dubrovnik city center. Its secluded location amidst rocky bluffs creates a charming atmosphere, attracting visitors seeking relaxation and natural beauty.

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Uvala Lapad Beach

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Uvala Lapad Beach, also known as Lapad Bay Beach, is a large and popular beach located on the Lapad Peninsula in Dubrovnik, Croatia. It's known for its calm waters, fine sand, and family-friendly atmosphere, making it a great choice for travelers of all ages.

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Betina Cave beach

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Tucked away between the picturesque Villa Sheherezada and Gjivovichi Beach lies Betina Cave Beach, a secluded and charming spot offering a unique swimming experience in Dubrovnik. Named after Beta, the nickname of scientist Marin Getaldić who used the cave for optical experiments, Betina Cave Beach boasts an unusual shape and crystal-clear waters that will stay etched in your memory.

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Plaža Sveti Jakov

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Plaža Sveti Jakov, also known as St. James Beach, is a beautiful pebble beach located in the eastern part of Dubrovnik, Croatia. It's situated in a small bay offering stunning views of the Old Town and Lokrum Island. The beach is named after the nearby St. James Church, which adds to the picturesque setting.

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Coffee

Coffee Break

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The café serves a variety of espresso-based drinks, with prices for a standard espresso starting at around €2, while cappuccinos and lattes range between €2.50-3.50. They also offer a selection of specialty coffees such as flat whites and iced coffees, perfect for those who enjoy a more diverse coffee menu. For those looking to indulge a bit, their signature coffee drinks include options like flavored lattes or coffee-based smoothies, typically priced around €4-5. In addition to coffee, Coffee Break has a selection of teas, fresh juices, and light snacks like sandwiches, pastries, and cakes, with snacks ranging from €2-6. The interior is cozy and welcoming, with modern décor and comfortable seating, making it a great spot for catching up with friends or even working on the go.

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Life According to KAWA

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Located in a stylish corner of the city, KAWA prides itself on serving coffee that is both ethically sourced and expertly prepared, often featuring beans from renowned European roasters. The menu at KAWA is diverse, catering to all types of coffee lovers. Espresso starts at around €2.50, while more elaborate drinks like lattes and flat whites are priced at about €3.50-4. For those who prefer non-dairy options, KAWA offers plant-based milks like oat milk for a small additional charge of around €0.50. Their specialty brews, including pour-overs and cold brews, range from €4-5, appealing to those who appreciate a more artisanal coffee experience. Beyond coffee, KAWA features a selection of teas, freshly squeezed juices, and smoothies, priced between €3-5. They also offer a variety of pastries and light snacks, such as croissants, artisan sandwiches, and vegan treats, typically costing between €2-5. The atmosphere at KAWA is as important as the coffee itself, with a minimalist, modern design that reflects the café’s focus on creativity and slow living.

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Cogito Coffee Shop / Dubrovnik Old Town

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Part of a well-regarded Croatian specialty coffee chain, Cogito serves ethically sourced beans roasted in their own micro-roastery, offering a high-quality and unique coffee experience. Their menu caters to a wide range of preferences, with espresso-based drinks starting at around €2.50, while cappuccinos and flat whites are priced around €3-3.50. For something more refreshing, their cold brews are popular, typically priced at €4-5, and if you're into a more refined coffee experience, try their V60 pour-over or Aeropress, costing about €5. Non-coffee drinkers can enjoy a selection of teas and fresh juices for about €3. Along with their beverages, Cogito also offers light snacks such as pastries, croissants, and cookies, typically priced between €1.50-3, making it an ideal spot for a quick and satisfying break. The café’s relaxed, minimalist atmosphere, combined with its location just off the bustling Stradun, makes it a peaceful retreat where you can savor the flavors of expertly crafted coffee at reasonable prices.

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Caffé Bar Tinel

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Situated slightly away from the busiest parts of the city, Tinel is a hidden gem where both locals and tourists can unwind with a quality cup of coffee. The menu features a wide range of coffee options, starting with a simple espresso, priced around €2, and moving up to more elaborate choices like cappuccinos and lattes, which are available for €3-3.50. If you’re in the mood for something cooler, their iced coffees and frappes are popular, typically priced at around €4-5. Apart from coffee, Caffé Bar Tinel also offers teas, juices, and light refreshments such as pastries, sandwiches, and snacks, with prices ranging from €2.50-6. The interior of the bar is laid-back and inviting, with comfortable seating and a casual vibe, making it an ideal spot to relax, socialize, or simply enjoy some downtime.

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Sweets

Holy Burek Dubrovnik

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Holy Burek in Dubrovnik is a must-visit eatery for those craving authentic Croatian comfort food, specifically the beloved burek. This charming spot is dedicated to serving up fresh, flaky pastries filled with a variety of delicious fillings, making it a go-to destination for both locals and visitors. Upon entering, you'll be greeted by the enticing aroma of baked goods. Holy Burek offers an array of traditional fillings, including cheese, potatoes, meat, and even spinach, all encased in perfectly golden pastry. Prices for individual pieces typically range from €2.50 to €4, making it an affordable option for a quick snack or a hearty meal on the go. The ambiance is casual and welcoming, with a focus on providing a quick yet satisfying dining experience. Whether you choose to enjoy your burek on-site or take it away, you can savor the flavors that have made this dish a staple in Croatian cuisine. Holy Burek also features a selection of refreshing beverages, including juices and soft drinks, perfect for washing down your savory pastry. The friendly staff are always ready to recommend their favorites, ensuring you have a memorable dining experience.

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gelateria dubrovnik

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Known for its artisanal gelato, this gelateria is a favorite spot for both locals and visitors looking to indulge in a sweet treat after exploring the beautiful Old Town. The gelateria offers a wide variety of flavors, from classic options like vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry to unique local specialties such as lavender, fig, and olive oil. Each batch is made using high-quality ingredients, ensuring a rich and creamy texture that delights the palate. Prices for a cone or cup typically range from €3 to €5, depending on the size and number of scoops. In addition to gelato, Gelateria Dubrovnik also features a selection of refreshing sorbets, perfect for those seeking a dairy-free option. For a more indulgent experience, they offer toppings like nuts, fresh fruits, and sauces to enhance your gelato.

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Peppino’s Gelato Factory

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Peppino’s Gelato Factory is a beloved gelateria located in Dubrovnik, renowned for its authentic Italian gelato made with passion and high-quality ingredients. Situated conveniently in the city, this charming spot attracts both locals and tourists looking to cool off with a delicious treat. The gelato at Peppino’s is crafted using traditional methods, ensuring a creamy and rich texture that sets it apart. The menu features a wide array of flavors, ranging from classic options like pistachio and hazelnut to more adventurous creations such as ricotta with fig and lemon basil. Prices for a scoop typically range from €2.50 to €5, allowing for a variety of choices to suit any craving. In addition to gelato, Peppino’s offers a selection of sorbets, perfect for those seeking a refreshing, dairy-free option. Toppings like chocolate sauce, nuts, and fresh fruit can be added to enhance your experience.

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Gianni

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This restaurant offers a delightful mix of traditional Croatian dishes and Italian-inspired meals, making it a popular choice for those seeking a satisfying dining experience. At Gianni, guests can enjoy a variety of dishes, including fresh seafood, homemade pasta, and expertly grilled meats. Signature items such as grilled calamari, sea bass, and tagliatelle with truffle sauce showcase the restaurant’s commitment to using fresh, quality ingredients. Prices typically range from €10 to €25, catering to a wide range of budgets. The ambiance is inviting, with a cozy interior that features rustic decor and comfortable seating, creating a perfect setting for both romantic dinners and family gatherings. Gianni also offers a carefully curated wine list, highlighting local Croatian wines that pair beautifully with the menu, with glasses starting at around €5. For those looking for a sweet ending to their meal, the restaurant serves a selection of delectable desserts, including homemade tiramisu and panna cotta, making it a well-rounded dining experience.

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Restaurants

Dubravka 1836 Restaurant & Cafe

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Dubravka 1836 Restaurant & Cafe is a delightful dining spot nestled just outside the historic walls of Dubrovnik, offering stunning views of the city and the surrounding Adriatic Sea. This establishment combines a rich culinary experience with a picturesque setting, making it a favorite among both locals and tourists. The menu at Dubravka features a variety of Mediterranean and Croatian dishes, emphasizing fresh, seasonal ingredients. Guests can enjoy an array of seafood options, such as grilled fish, calamari, and traditional pašticada. Pasta lovers will appreciate their selection of homemade pasta dishes, while meat enthusiasts can choose from a variety of grilled meats and flavorful stews. Prices typically range from €10 to €25 depending on the dish, providing options for both casual diners and those looking for a more upscale meal. In addition to the main courses, Dubravka offers a tempting selection of appetizers and salads, perfect for sharing. Their extensive wine list features both local Croatian wines and international selections, with glasses starting around €5. The café section is equally inviting, serving a variety of coffees, teas, and delectable desserts, including their famous tiramisu and seasonal fruit tarts. It’s an ideal spot to relax after exploring the nearby attractions, with outdoor seating that allows you to soak in the breathtaking views.

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Gradska kavana Arsenal Restaurant

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This elegant restaurant is known for its stunning views of the harbor and its rich culinary offerings, making it a favorite spot for both locals and visitors. The menu at Gradska kavana Arsenal features a delightful mix of Mediterranean and Croatian cuisine, with an emphasis on fresh, locally sourced ingredients. Guests can savor a variety of dishes, including freshly caught seafood, flavorful meats, and vegetarian options. Signature dishes such as grilled fish, risotto, and roasted lamb are popular choices, with prices typically ranging from €15 to €30. The ambiance of the restaurant is both sophisticated and relaxed, featuring a charming interior that combines traditional elements with modern touches. Outdoor seating is also available, allowing diners to enjoy their meals while taking in the breathtaking views of the Adriatic Sea and the historic Old Town. In addition to its diverse menu, Gradska kavana Arsenal boasts an impressive wine list, showcasing a selection of Croatian wines that complement the meal beautifully, with prices for a glass starting around €5.

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Barba

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Barba is a trendy eatery located in the heart of Dubrovnik, renowned for its fresh and innovative approach to traditional Croatian cuisine. This casual dining spot is especially famous for its focus on seafood, offering a variety of dishes that highlight the flavors of the Adriatic. The menu at Barba features a selection of seafood specialties, including grilled fish, fried calamari, and shrimp prepared in various styles. The highlight, however, is their signature fish and chips, which combines fresh fish with a crispy batter and is served with homemade tartar sauce. Prices typically range from €10 to €25, making it an affordable yet high-quality option for both lunch and dinner. The ambiance at Barba is relaxed and inviting, with a cozy interior that reflects the coastal charm of Dubrovnik. Outdoor seating allows guests to enjoy their meals while soaking in the lively atmosphere of the city. In addition to its delicious food, Barba offers a selection of local wines and refreshing beverages, ensuring the perfect pairing for your meal. The staff is friendly and knowledgeable, always ready to recommend the best options from the menu.

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Restaurant Panorama

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Accessible by a scenic cable car ride, this restaurant provides not only a remarkable culinary experience but also a captivating setting that enhances the overall dining atmosphere. The menu at Panorama features a diverse array of Mediterranean and Croatian dishes, focusing on fresh, seasonal ingredients. Guests can indulge in a selection of seafood, including grilled fish and shellfish, as well as hearty meat dishes like lamb and pork. Vegetarian options are also available, with dishes that highlight the region's produce. Prices generally range from €15 to €35, making it suitable for both casual diners and those looking for a more upscale meal. The restaurant's interior is elegantly designed, blending contemporary aesthetics with a warm and inviting ambiance. The outdoor terrace offers a spectacular vantage point for sunset dining, making it an ideal spot for romantic evenings or special celebrations. In addition to the delicious food, Restaurant Panorama boasts a carefully curated wine list, featuring both local and international selections. Glasses of wine start at around €6, allowing guests to pair their meals perfectly.

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Drinks

Barka Tapas & Wine bar

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Located away from the main tourist crowds, Barka offers a more intimate dining experience, blending Croatian flavors with the Spanish tradition of small plates. The menu at Barka is rich in variety, featuring both cold and hot tapas options. You can enjoy cheese and charcuterie boards, with local Dalmatian cheeses and cured meats, typically priced around €12-15. Their seafood tapas are a highlight, including dishes like octopus salad or grilled prawns, priced between €8-12. For meat lovers, options like mini beef sliders, pork belly bites, or chorizo sausage are offered, generally priced between €7-10. There are also vegetarian choices like grilled vegetables, patatas bravas, and stuffed peppers, all around €6-8. As for the wine selection, Barka boasts a carefully curated list of Croatian wines from regions like Pelješac and Istria, with glasses starting at around €5, and bottles ranging from €20-50. They also serve a range of Croatian craft beers and creative cocktails for those looking for something different. The atmosphere is casual yet sophisticated, with outdoor seating available for those wanting to enjoy the warm Mediterranean evenings.

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Glam Bar - #beertherapy

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Glam Bar, also known for its quirky hashtag #beertherapy, is a trendy and vibrant spot in Dubrovnik that’s popular with both locals and tourists for its laid-back atmosphere and excellent selection of craft beers. Located just outside the Old Town, Glam Bar combines a cool, modern interior with a casual vibe, making it the go-to place for those seeking a refreshing drink and a relaxed ambiance after a day of sightseeing. As part of their #beertherapy experience, Glam Bar offers an impressive selection of local Croatian craft beers alongside well-known international brands. Prices for a draft beer typically range from €4-6, depending on the variety. You’ll find everything from light lagers to more complex IPAs, stouts, and pale ales, with rotating taps that feature seasonal and small-batch brews. They also offer beer flights if you want to sample several options, priced around €8-10. For non-beer drinkers, Glam Bar also has a solid menu of signature cocktails and wines, with glasses priced from €5-7. Light bar snacks like nachos, fries, and cheese platters are available for around €5-10, providing the perfect pairing for your drinks.

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THE BAR

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Known for its sleek design and a vibe that balances sophistication with a laid-back atmosphere, it's the go-to spot for those seeking a blend of great drinks, social energy, and a bit of flair. What sets THE BAR apart is its forward-thinking approach to cocktails and drinks. The menu features an array of signature cocktails, each crafted with precision and creativity. Classics like Negronis and Margaritas get a twist with locally-sourced ingredients, while their original concoctions—like the Dalmatian Breeze or Adriatic Sunset—bring a unique taste of the region to your glass, priced around €8-12. For beer lovers, there’s a rotating selection of local craft beers, usually priced between €4-6, and an impressive range of Croatian and international wines, with glasses starting at €5. Not just about the drinks, THE BAR is known for its curated experiences. From themed nights featuring local DJs to occasional live performances, the venue is as much a cultural hub as it is a place to unwind. Their grazing boards of artisan cheeses, charcuterie, and Mediterranean tapas, priced around €10-15, perfectly complement the drinks and make it an excellent spot for a social evening.

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Mr Foster bar

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The bar features an extensive drink menu, with a strong emphasis on cocktails that are both classic and inventive. Signature drinks like the Mr. Foster Mojito and Tropical Breeze highlight the use of fresh ingredients and creative combinations, with prices typically ranging from €6-10. For beer enthusiasts, Mr. Foster offers a selection of local craft beers and international brands, usually priced between €4-6. In addition to drinks, the bar serves a variety of light snacks and tapas, making it a great place for socializing. You can enjoy sharing plates like olives, cheese platters, and charcuterie boards, priced around €5-12. The cozy interior, combined with outdoor seating options, creates a relaxed environment ideal for enjoying a drink while soaking in the ambiance of Dubrovnik.

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A bit further

Lokrum

Lokrum Island, located just a short ferry ride from Dubrovnik, is a picturesque and serene destination known for its natural beauty and rich history. The island is a nature reserve, featuring lush Mediterranean vegetation, rocky beaches, and scenic walking trails. Its most notable attraction is the ancient Benedictine monastery, established in the 11th century, which has been beautifully preserved. Visitors can explore the peaceful gardens, enjoy stunning views of the Adriatic Sea, and discover the island's diverse flora and fauna, making it a perfect getaway for nature lovers and those seeking tranquility.

According to local folklore, it is said to be haunted by the ghost of Richard the Lionheart, who was shipwrecked nearby on his way home from the Crusades. The island also features the ruins of a historic castle, built during the 19th century by the Archduke Maximilian of Austria, adding to its historical significance. Today, Lokrum Island is a popular destination for day trips, offering visitors a chance to swim, hike, and explore its many cultural and natural attractions, all while enjoying the stunning backdrop of the Adriatic coastline.

Bay of Portoč

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Known for its stunning natural beauty, the bay features crystal-clear waters, surrounded by lush greenery and rocky cliffs, creating a picturesque setting that attracts both locals and visitors alike. Portoč is particularly popular among those seeking a peaceful escape from the bustling tourist crowds of Dubrovnik, making it an ideal spot for swimming, sunbathing, and enjoying the serene ambiance of the Adriatic coast. In addition to its natural allure, the Bay of Portoč is home to a few charming beach bars and restaurants, where visitors can savor fresh seafood and local cuisine while taking in breathtaking views of the sea.

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Benedictine Monastery of St. Mary

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The Benedictine monastery of St. Mary on Lokrum Island is recognized as the oldest and most significant Benedictine abbey in the Dubrovnik region, founded in the 11th century. The 15th and 16th centuries marked a flourishing era for the monastery, during which the Benedictines constructed a magnificent Gothic-Renaissance structure that showcased their architectural prowess. However, the monastery suffered considerable damage during the great earthquake of 1667, which devastated much of Dubrovnik and its surroundings. After the abbey was abolished at the end of the 18th century, the Benedictines vacated the island, leading to a change in ownership as Lokrum became property of the influential Austro-Hungarian Habsburg dynasty. The Habsburgs transformed the monastery into their country residence, preserving its status as a notable architectural monument in Croatia. Today, the ruins of the monastery serve as a testament to its rich history and the cultural heritage of the region, attracting visitors who come to explore its serene grounds and appreciate its historical significance.

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Fort Royal

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Fort Royal is a military fortress situated on the highest peak of Lokrum Island, offering a commanding view of Dubrovnik and the surrounding Adriatic Sea. The construction of this imposing structure commenced under the French Empire in 1806, driven by the need to strengthen military defenses in the region. After several years of development, the fort was completed in 1835 by the Austro-Hungarian Empire, reflecting the strategic importance of Lokrum in maritime defense. The design of Fort Royal is characterized by its robust architecture and strategic positioning, which allowed it to serve as a lookout point and a defensive stronghold throughout its operational history. Today, the fort stands as a historical monument, attracting visitors who come to explore its remnants and enjoy panoramic views of Dubrovnik and the nearby islands. The site not only provides insight into the military history of the area but also enhances the natural beauty of Lokrum, making it a popular destination for tourists and history enthusiasts alike.

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Lazaret

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The Lazaret on Lokrum Island is a historical quarantine station that dates back to the 15th century, established to combat the spread of infectious diseases, particularly during the frequent epidemics that plagued the region. As a significant part of the Republic of Ragusa's health measures, the Lazaret served as a facility where ships and their crews could be isolated before entering the city of Dubrovnik. This was crucial for protecting the population from diseases brought in by trade and travel. The Lazaret's construction was part of a broader initiative to improve public health and safeguard the citizens of Dubrovnik. It featured multiple interconnected buildings that housed those in quarantine, along with facilities for the care of the sick. Although the Lazaret's primary function diminished over time, its historical significance remains, and it stands as a testament to the public health practices of the past. Today, the site is a point of interest for visitors exploring Lokrum Island, offering a glimpse into the island's rich history and its role in maritime health safety.

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Dead Sea

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This small, enclosed saltwater lake is connected to the Adriatic Sea and is known for its strikingly calm waters and serene surroundings. The area is surrounded by lush Mediterranean vegetation, providing a picturesque setting for relaxation and swimming. Its unique ecosystem is home to various plant and animal species, making it a popular spot for nature lovers. The name "Mrtvo More" is derived from its still waters, which contrast with the lively waves of the nearby Adriatic Sea. The lake is a favored destination for visitors looking to escape the hustle and bustle of tourist hotspots, allowing for peaceful swimming and sunbathing.

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Buža na Lokrumu

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Buža na Lokrumu, often simply referred to as Buža, is a popular spot on Lokrum Island known for its stunning cliffs and breathtaking views of the Adriatic Sea. This picturesque location features natural stone formations that serve as a unique swimming area, allowing visitors to dive into the crystal-clear waters directly from the rocks. The surrounding scenery is characterized by lush greenery and rugged coastlines, creating a perfect backdrop for sunbathing, swimming, and enjoying the beauty of nature. In addition to its natural allure, Buža is also a great place to relax and unwind while taking in the panoramic views of Dubrovnik and the distant mainland. Visitors often gather here to enjoy a peaceful day by the sea, with opportunities for snorkeling and exploring the vibrant marine life. As a less crowded alternative to some of the more popular beaches, Buža na Lokrumu offers a tranquil escape for those looking to enjoy the serene beauty of this enchanting island.

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Golub Špilja (Kayaking Cave)

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Golub Špilja, also known as the Kayaking Cave, is a stunning natural attraction located on the island of Lokrum. This cave, characterized by its impressive rock formations and crystal-clear waters, is a popular destination for kayaking and exploring the rugged coastline of the island. The cave's name, which translates to "Dove Cave," reflects the local legend that doves once nested in its cliffs, adding to the cave's serene and picturesque charm. Visitors to Golub Špilja can paddle their kayaks into the cave, where they can admire the unique geological features and enjoy the calm waters inside. The play of light on the cave walls creates a mesmerizing atmosphere, making it a favorite spot for both tourists and locals. With its natural beauty and accessibility, Golub Špilja provides an unforgettable experience for those looking to explore the coastal wonders of Lokrum while enjoying a fun and active day on the water.

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Srebreno

Known for its serene beaches and clear turquoise waters, Srebreno offers a more tranquil alternative to the bustling tourist hotspots of Dubrovnik. The village is characterized by its charming waterfront promenade lined with cafes and restaurants, where visitors can enjoy delicious local cuisine while taking in stunning views of the sea and surrounding landscapes.

Kupari

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Kupari Beach, also known as "The Abandoned Beach," boasts a unique and fascinating past. Once a luxurious resort complex for Yugoslavia's elite, it was sadly abandoned during the Croatian War of Independence in the 1990s. Today, the skeletal remains of hotels and restaurants stand as haunting reminders of the past, creating an eerie yet strangely beautiful atmosphere. While swimming isn't recommended due to potential debris and uneven terrain, exploring the ruins and soaking up the unique scenery makes for an unforgettable experience. You can also find stretches of pebbly beach for sunbathing and enjoying the calm Adriatic waters.

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Srebreno Beach

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The beach is known for its crystal-clear waters, calm atmosphere, and stunning views of the Adriatic Sea and the surrounding mountains. It is a popular destination for swimming, sunbathing, snorkeling, and other water sports. The beach is well-equipped with all the necessary amenities, including showers, toilets, changing rooms, and a beach bar. There are also several restaurants and cafes located nearby, where you can enjoy a delicious meal or refreshing drink after a long day in the sun.

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Mlini

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The beach is known for its crystal-clear waters, calm atmosphere, and stunning views of the Adriatic Sea and the surrounding mountains. It is a popular destination for swimming, sunbathing, snorkeling, and other water sports. The beach is well-equipped with all the necessary amenities, including showers, toilets, changing rooms, and a beach bar. There are also several restaurants and cafes located nearby, where you can enjoy a delicious meal or refreshing drink after a long day in the sun.

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Cavtat

 This quaint town boasts a pebble beach lapped by calm, turquoise waters, perfect for basking in the sun or taking a refreshing dip. Unlike Srebreno, Cavtat's beach offers stunning views of the nearby Elaphiti Islands, adding another layer of beauty to your seaside relaxation.

Historically, Cavtat dates back to ancient Roman times, with remnants of its rich heritage visible in its architecture and archaeological sites. The town is famous for its well-preserved old town, where visitors can explore narrow cobblestone streets, quaint shops, and historical landmarks such as the Racic Mausoleum and the Church of St. Nicholas. With its blend of natural beauty, cultural heritage, and tranquil atmosphere, Cavtat offers a delightful escape for those seeking to experience the charm of the Croatian coastline away from the hustle and bustle of Dubrovnik.

Beach Cavtat

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The beach is known for its crystal-clear waters, calm atmosphere, and stunning views of the Adriatic Sea and the surrounding mountains. It is a popular destination for swimming, sunbathing, snorkeling, and other water sports. The beach is well-equipped with all the necessary amenities, including showers, toilets, changing rooms, and a beach bar. There are also several restaurants and cafes located nearby, where you can enjoy a delicious meal or refreshing drink after a long day in the sun.

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Bukovac House Museum

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Nestled in the charming seaside town of Cavtat, Croatia, lies the Bukovac House Museum, a hidden gem dedicated to preserving the life and legacy of renowned Croatian painter Vlaho Bukovac (1855-1922). Step inside this former family home and studio, now transformed into a vibrant museum, and embark on a captivating journey through Bukovac's artistic evolution and the rich cultural tapestry of his time.

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Church of Our Lady of the Snows

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Nestled in the heart of the charming seaside town of Cavtat, Croatia, lies the Church of Our Lady of the Snows. This historic gem, also known as Crkva Gospe od Snijega, dates back to the 15th century and offers a unique blend of artistic beauty and spiritual serenity. A Rich History steeped in Folklore: The church's name derives from a local legend. It's said that during a summer heatwave, a snowfall miraculously covered the site, prompting the construction of a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary. While the historical veracity of this story remains uncertain, it adds a touch of folklore to the church's mystique. Architectural Splendor: Despite its modest size, the Church of Our Lady of the Snows boasts captivating architectural features. Its stone facade, topped with a terracotta roof and a pointed bell tower, exemplifies the Gothic style prominent in the region. Stepping inside, visitors are greeted by a tranquil atmosphere bathed in natural light filtering through stained glass windows.

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Mausoleum of the Racic family

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In the tranquil heart of Cavtat, Croatia, nestled amidst ancient cypress trees and overlooking the shimmering Adriatic Sea, stands the Mausoleum of the Racic family. This captivating structure, also known as Gospa od Anđela (Our Lady of the Angels), is more than just a final resting place – it's a captivating work of art and a poignant testament to a family's tragic story. A Story of Tragedy and Artistic Expression: The mausoleum was commissioned by the wealthy Racic family in the early 1920s to honor their son, Ivo, who tragically died at a young age alongside his two infant children. Renowned Croatian sculptor Ivan Meštrović was tasked with designing the structure, and he poured his artistic genius into creating a masterpiece that embodied both grief and hope. Architectural Harmony and Symbolism: The mausoleum boasts a unique blend of neoclassical and modernist styles. Its octagonal white stone exterior exudes an air of serenity, while intricate carvings and sculptures adorn the facade, depicting biblical scenes and angelic figures symbolizing faith and eternal life. Stepping inside, visitors are enveloped in a hushed atmosphere. Sunlight filters through stained glass windows, casting colorful patterns on the polished marble floor. The central sarcophagus, adorned with Meštrović's delicate reliefs, rests beneath a soaring dome decorated with a mosaic depicting the Madonna and Child. Every detail, from the meticulously crafted sculptures to the symbolic mosaics, tells a story of love, loss, and the enduring power of faith.

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Cavtat Walking Path

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The Cavtat Walking Path, also known as the "Ronald Brown Pathway," is a scenic and historical route that winds along the southern coast of Cavtat, Croatia. This 9.92-kilometer (6.18-mile) trail offers breathtaking views of the Adriatic Sea, lush Mediterranean vegetation, and charming historical sites, making it a perfect way to explore the town and its surroundings.

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Popovići

Popovići's main draw lies in its stunning pebble beach, lapped by crystal-clear waters of the Adriatic Sea. Here, visitors can indulge in the quintessential beach activities – soaking up the sun, swimming in the refreshing waves, or trying their hand at watersports like snorkeling or kayaking.

Beyond the beach, Popovići's quiet streets and traditional stone houses exude a laid-back atmosphere, a welcome respite from the crowds of Dubrovnik. Wander through the village and immerse yourself in the local ambiance, stopping at family-run restaurants serving up delectable Croatian cuisine or browsing through charming souvenir shops.

Pasjača Beach

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Tucked away in the Konavle region of southern Croatia, Pasjača Beach is a stunning hidden gem waiting to be discovered. Surrounded by dramatic cliffs and lapped by crystal-clear waters of the Adriatic Sea, it offers a secluded and picturesque escape for travelers seeking sun, sand, and serenity. Unlike many other Croatian beaches, Pasjača is nestled beneath towering cliffs, creating a secluded and intimate atmosphere. The beach itself is a narrow strip of smooth pebbles and sand, fringed by turquoise waters that invite swimming and snorkeling. Compared to more popular beaches in the region, Pasjača remains relatively untouched by large crowds. This offers visitors a chance to truly relax and soak up the natural beauty of the surroundings without feeling overwhelmed. Reaching Pasjača involves a short walk down a series of carved steps into the cliffside. This unique approach adds to the sense of adventure and discovery, rewarding your journey with breathtaking views upon arrival.

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Hope you enjoy your trip!